库尔勒香梨两种树形对果实品质及产量的影响

Effects of Two Tree Shapes on Fruit Quality and Yield of Korla Fragrant Pear

以纺锤形和疏散分层形2种树形的库尔勒香梨为研究对象,对其单株树体结构进行调查,并在果实成熟时测定2种树形库尔勒香梨果实的外观品质、内在品质及产量,探究纺锤形树形对库尔勒香梨果实品质及产量的影响,以期为简约化栽培提供参考依据。结果表明:疏散分层形单株产量高于纺锤形,但纺锤形栽植密度大,单位面积产量显著高于疏散分层形,五年生树667 m^(2)产量可达3 163.80 kg,表现出早果丰产,并且树冠各部位果实大小均匀,单果质量在113 g左右,产量主要集中在冠层中下部,纺锤形果实脱萼果率显著高于疏散分层形,凸顶果率明显低于疏散分层形。2种树形果实的硬度、可滴定酸含量相差不大,纺锤形果实的可溶性固形物和总糖含量较高,平均分别为12.68%、9.29%。纺锤形早果、丰产性好,果实各项品质指标均优于疏散分层形。

The spindle shape and evacuation layered shape Korla fragrant pears were used as the research material, the tree structure of single tree of Korla fragrant pear was investigated, and the appearance quality, internal quality and yield of Korla fragrant pear were measured at fruit maturity period, so as to explore the influence of the spindle shape on the fruit quality and yield of Korla fragrant pears, and provide reference for simplified cultivation.The results showed that the yield of per plant of the evacuation layered shape tree was higher than that of the spindle shape tree, butthe yield of per unit area was significantly higher than that of the evacuation layered tree, because the spindle shape tree had the higher planting density.The yield of the 5-year-old tree could reach 3 163.80 kg per 667 m^(2),showing early fruit and high yield, and the fruit size of each part of the canopy was the same.The weight of a single fruit weight was about 113 g.The yield was mainly concentrated in the middle and lower canopy.The calyx shedding rate of the spindle shaped tree fruit was significantly higher than that of the evacuation layered tree, and the protruding top fruit rate was significantly lower than that of the evacuation layered tree.The hardness and titratable acid content of the two shaped tree fruits were similar.The soluble solids and total sugar content of the fruit of spindle shape tree were higher, with an average of 12.68% and 9.29%,respectively.To sum up, the spindle shape tree has early fruit and higher yield.The quality indexes are better than that of the evacuation layered tree.