北独乐河村桃园养分管理现状及分析

Current Situation and Analysis of Nutrient Management in Peach Orchards of Beidulehe Village

为了解北京市平谷区北独乐河村桃园养分管理现状,采用随机确定调查样点的方式调研农户桃园养分管理现状,并结合桃树养分吸收特性进行分析,以期为合理管理桃园养分提供参考依据。结果表明:在养分投入量上,氮磷钾平均投入量为N 1 004.9 kg·hm^(-2)、P2O5 705 kg·hm^(-2)、K2O 1 065 kg·hm^(-2),分别为桃树养分需求量的5.2、9.2、4.3倍。在施肥结构上,42.9%的农户桃园全年只施用化肥,而忽视有机肥的投入。在施肥时期上,有60%和40%的农户分别选择在秋季和春季施用基肥,只有5.7%的农户在基肥后追肥3次,其余均少于3次。建议桃园应将化肥与有机肥配施,控制氮磷钾肥的用量;在秋季(9—11月)施用基肥,并重视追肥次数,从而达到合理管理桃园养分的目的。

In order to understand the current status of nutrient management in the peach orchard in Beidulehe village, Pinggu district, Beijing city, the method of randomly determining the survey samples was used to investigate the nutrient management status of the peach orchard of farmers, combined with the analysis of nutrient absorption characteristics of peach trees, to provide a scientific basis for the rational management of peach orchard nutrients.The results showed that in terms of nutrient input, the average input of N,P,and K was N 1 004.9 kg·hm^(-2),P2O5 705 kg·hm^(-2),K2O 1 065 kg·hm^(-2),which were 5.2 times, 9.2 times and 4.3 times the nutrient requirements of peach trees.In terms of fertilization structure,42.9% of the peach orchards of farmers only used chemical fertilizers throughout the year,ignoring the input of organic fertilizers.In the fertilization period,60% and 40%of the farmers choosed to apply the basal fertilizer in autumn and spring respectively.Only 5.7% of the farmers applied the basal fertilizer 3 times after the basal fertilizer,and the rest were less than3 times.It was recommended that the peach orchard should use chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers to control the amount of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers;apply basal fertilizers in autumn(September-November),and pay attention to the number of topdressing,so as to achieve the purpose of rational management of peach orchards.