美国《关键和新兴技术国家战略》述评

A Review of the National Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology of the United States

[目的/意义]在大国博弈与科技创新的时代背景下,新兴技术已经成为很多国家重点关注的战略资源。2020年10月15日,美国政府发布了《关键和新兴技术国家战略》(以下简称《战略》)。对其进行评鉴分析,有益于推进我国科技情报体系以及构建一体化的国家战略体系和能力。[方法/过程]对《战略》的文本内容进行深入分析,从战略背景、战略途径、优先领域等层面进行梳理、提炼,并以此为基础进行评鉴。[结果/结论]《战略》的出台既明确了美国在关键和新兴技术领域的认知判断,也反映出美国的国家利益与战略目标,还为美国推进国家安全创新基地建设和保护技术优势谋划了行动方案。据此,结合我国具体实践提出应对之策。

[Purpose/Significance]In the era of big power game and technological innovation,emerging technology has become a strategic resource that many countries focus on.On October 15,2020,the US government issued the National Strategy for Critical and Emerging Technology(here in after referred to as the"strategy").The evaluation and analysis of it is beneficial to the advancement of China'science and technology information system and the construction of an integrated national strategic system and capabilities.[Method/Process]Based on the in-depth analysis of the text content of the strategy,this paper sorts out and refines the strategic background,strategic approach and priority areas,and with the evaluation of them.[Result/Conclusion]The strategy not only clarifies the cognition and judgment of the United States in key and emerging technology fields,but also reflects the national interests and strategic objectives of the United States.It also launchs an action plan for the United States to promote the construction of national security innovation base and to protect technological advantages.Therefore,countermeasures were put forward based on the specific practice in China.