Tik Tok争议中的美欧数据治理路径差异研究

A Study on the Divergence of US and EU's Data Governance in the Tik Tok Dispute

[目的/意义]Tik Tok在美欧投资遭遇的法律障碍差异,本质在于美欧数据治理模式差异。美国数据治理模式以行业自律与数据自由为基础,但同时以国家安全为由对外资进行限制。欧盟数据治理以个人权利保护为基础,更多注重数据安全而非国家安全。该研究有助于剖析美欧数据治理路径对我国互联网企业投资的法律壁垒,明晰我国应对与立法方向。[方法/过程]通过文本研究与案例研究的方式,对美欧相关立法与司法实践进行回顾,并以比较分析的方式研究美欧数据治理模式如何服务于其经济利益与政治诉求。[结果/结论]美国采用的国家安全手段同时服务于特朗普政府的政治诉求与美国数字经济保护。欧盟对数据安全的偏重足以同时保护敏感信息与投资红利。对我国而言,法制手段无助于破除美国式偏见,但我国企业完全可以遵守欧盟的信息本地化要求。数据治理模式可以整体遵循欧盟模式,坚持法制化取向的同时谨慎援引国家安全例外。

[Purpose/Significance]The divergence between legal barriers encountered by Tik Tok's overseas investments in the US and EU is,in essence,a divergence of US and EU's data governance policy.US boasts upon its policy of data freedom and self-regulation but restricts foreign investors through national security methods.EU's data governance policy centers on personal rights protection,focusing more on data security instead of national security.A study of this is helpful towards the interpretation of data governance barriers encountered by China's internet enterprises and clarification of China's countermeasures as well as relative legislation.[Method/Process]Textual studies as well as case studies are adopted in order to give an overview of US and EU's legislation as well as judicial practices.Comparative study is employed to discern the means by which US and EU serve their political and economic interests with data governance policy.[Result/Conclusion]The national domestic security means adopted by the US serve both Trump Administration's political pursuance as well as data economy protection.The legalized approach adopted by EU is sufficient to protect both sensitive information and investment bonus.As to China,it is impossible to use legal means to break down American prejudice,but EU's localization requirements will not go against Chinese enterprises'interests.China's data governance largely follows EU's mode.In future it is advisable to adopt a legalized approach while scarcely invoke national security exceptions.