科学论文评价的涵义与方式研究综述

The Nature and Methods of Scientific Evaluation on Scientific Articles

[目的/意义]科技评价改革已经到了关键时期,国家和科学界亟须符合新时代的科学评价体制。该文通过分析国内外科学论文评价研究的发展,以期为科学论文评价,尤其是单篇科学论文的评价方式和方法提供参考。[方法/过程]通过对国内外科学论文评价研究的文献调研,厘清科学论文评价的涵义及其与相关概念的关系,归纳总结科学论文评价方式。[结果/结论]科学论文评价是科学评价的基础,科学论文评价的本质是评价其给人类社会带来的新知识的来源、过程与结果等;目前以定量和定性评价方式为主,包括基于引用指标、基于使用指标和数据密集型的定量评价,基于同行评议的定性评价研究;评价科学论文应重在评价其创新性、重要性、应用性和表现性,注重科学论文内容的定量与定性相结合的方式。

[Purpose/Significance]The scientific evaluation reform has reached a critical period.The country and the scientific community urgently conform to the scientific evaluation system at this time.This article analyzes the research development of scientific article evaluation,aiming to provide advice for the future picture of scientific article evaluation,especially the evaluation methods on individual scientific articles.[Method/Process]Through literature search on the evaluation research of scientific articles,we clarify the meaning of the evaluation of scientific articles and relevant concepts to sum up the evaluation methods of scientific articles.[Result/Conclusion]The evaluation of scientific articles is the basis of scientific evaluation.The nature of evaluating scientific articles is in fact to assess the value of novel knowledge that scientific articles bring to our society.Previous work focuses on the quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods,including quantitative methods based on citation,altmetrics,and intensive dataset,and qualitative methods based on peer review.We argue that assessment on the content value of scientific articles is the most important direction,including novelty,significance,implications,and representation.