新型举国体制的理论逻辑、落地模式与应用场景

The Theoretical Logic,Implementation Mode and Application Scenario of the New Type of National System

新型举国体制是深度推进国家治理体系与治理能力现代化的重要制度支撑,也是推动国家重大战略目标落地实现的重要保障,但学术界尚缺乏对新型举国体制的逻辑解构。新型举国体制可溯源于农业社会下的古代举国体制以及新中国成立后的传统举国体制,是社会主义市场经济制度的重要构成,其新的内涵可从政治逻辑、资源配置的方法论、国家治理三重视角予以剖析,其理论内核与合法性取决于新古典经济学、新制度经济学、发展经济学等多重理论的共融空间,并与其落地模式的整合运用密不可分,即面向应急攻关的举国动员模式、基于国家战略科技力量的政产学研用深度融合模式、以央企为主导的整合式创新模式,新型举国体制的合效性取决于能否处理好政府与市场、效率与公平、中央与地方、对外开放与自主内生能力建设的关系。新型举国体制的深化应用并不包揽一切场景,其主要面向国家重大民生公共工程科技创新、面向"卡脖子"技术攻关突破、面向突发性重大公共社会危机治理三类场景。

The new national system is an important institutional support for a country to deeply promote the modernization of its governance system and governance capacity,and also an important guarantee to promote the implementation of major national strategic goals.However,the academic circle lacks the logical deconstruction of the new national system,and the theoretical logic and how to achieve the new national system are still unclear.The new national system can be traced back to the ancient national system in the agricultural society and the traditional national system after the founding of China.The new national system is an important component of the socialist market economic system.Its new connotation is mainly dissected from the perspectives of political economy and political logic,resource allocation methodology and national governance,and the legitimacy of the new national system is not clear.It depends on the accommodation space of multiple theories such as neoclassical economics,new institutional economics and development economics.The rationality of the new national system is closely related to the integration and application of the three modes,namely,the National Mobilization Mode of face-to-face emergency tackling,the deep integration mode of government,industry,university,research and application based on the national strategic science and technology strength,and the integrated innovation mode led by central enterprises.However,the effectiveness of the new national system depends on whether the government can deal with the four relationships of government and market,efficiency and fairness,central and local government,opening up and endogenous capacity-building.Finally,the deepening application of the new national system does not cover all scenarios.It is mainly used in three scenarios:scientific and technological innovation of national major public projects for people’s livelihood,breakthrough of"neck"technology,and governance of sudden major public social crisis.