生成性学习策略促进VR环境下学习发生的机制研究

Research on the Mechanism of Generative Learning Strategies Promoting Learning Occurrence in VR Environment

已有研究表明,在技术环境下运用适合的生成性学习策略,能够帮助学习者积极主动地参与并完成认知加工过程,从而促进有意义学习的发生。但很少有研究关注VR学习环境下何种生成性学习策略,能够改善学习者的学习体验及效果,且对该环境下学习发生的内部作用机制,也缺乏深入探究。基于此,将100名大学生随机分配至“视频”“VR”“VR+自我测试”“VR+总结”四个实验组中,借助脑波设备、情绪测量技术和相关量表,跟踪和测试学习者的大脑认知过程、情绪状态、学习体验和学习效果,深入探究生成性学习策略影响VR环境下学习的作用机制。研究结果表明:与教学视频相比,VR技术可提升学习者的学习体验,但对其大脑认知过程、情绪状态和学习效果无显著影响;当在VR学习环境中应用自我测试策略和总结策略时,可显著降低学习者的认知负荷,但对其大脑认知过程无显著影响,其中,总结策略可显著降低过程性消极情绪,自我测试策略可显著提升即时迁移成绩和延时迁移成绩。应用结构方程模型分析,结果显示有三条生成性学习策略促进VR环境下学习发生的作用路径:“生成性学习策略—过程性积极情绪”“生成性学习策略—心理努力—即时迁移—延时迁移”“生成性学习策略—感知难度—结果性积极情绪—心流体验—投入度—即时保持—延时保持”。

Previous studies have shown that the use of appropriate generative learning strategies in the technological environment helped learners actively engage in the cognitive processes,which so as to promote the occurrence of meaningful learning.However,few studies focus on which generative learning strategy enhances learners’learning experiences and outcomes in a Virtual Reality(VR)environment.And there is still a lack of exploring the internal mechanism which generative learning strategies influence learning in VR environment.Thus,100 undergraduate students were randomly assigned into four groups:“Video”,“VR”,“VR+Self-Testing”,and“VR+Summary”.The participants’brain cognitive processes,emotional states,learning experiences,and learning outcomes were tracked and tested through the emotion recognition technology,brain wave recording technology,and relevant instruments.The results show that comparing with an instructional video,VR technology promoted learners’learning experiences,but it had no significant impact on learners’brain cognitive processes,emotional states,and learning outcomes.Applying a generative learning strategy in VR environment significantly reduced the cognitive load of learners,but it had no significant impacts on learners’brain cognitive processes.The summary strategy significantly reduced learners’negative emotion in learning processes,and the self-testing strategy significantly enhanced learners’scores of the immediate transfer and the delay transfer.The results of the structural equation model show three paths of the generative strategy promoting learning in VR:“generative learning strategy-positive emotion in learning process”,“generative learning strategy-mental effort-immediate transfer-delay transfer”,and“generative learning strategy-perceived difficulty-positive emotion after learning-flow experience-engagement-immediate retention-delay retention”.