上堡梯田区森林土壤水源涵养功能分析

An Analysis of Water Conservation Function of Forest Soil in Shangbao Terrace

以上堡梯田上方的森林为研究对象,通过现场取样和室内实验,对梯田区森林土壤主要物理性质、土壤持水量与土壤入渗性能等进行了分析。结果表明,研究区土壤容重随土层深度的增加而增大,土壤孔隙度和通气孔隙度则随土壤深度的增加而减小,表层土壤的蓄存水源的能力大于深层土壤;毛竹林地的最大蓄水能力和有效蓄水能力在各试验样地中是最大的,体现了毛竹在森林水文生态过程中的重要作用;各试验样地土壤的初渗率和稳渗率均呈现出随土层深度的增加而减小的变化规律,且表层土壤的初渗率和稳渗率差异较大,而深层土壤的初渗率和稳渗率差异不明显。森林植被增强了土壤的水源涵养能力,起到了良好的水土保持作用;在林分改造工作中,可以适当提高毛竹林的种植率,以增强区域森林系统的水源涵养等生态功能。

The main physical properties,water capacity and infiltration characteristics of forest soil in Shangbao terrace is analyzed by field sampling and laboratory experiments.The results show that the soil bulk density of the study area increases with the depth,the soil porosity and aeration porosity decreases with depth,and the water capacity of surface soil is higher than deep soil.The maximum water capacity and effective water capacity of bamboo stands are the highest in the experimental samples.It indicates that bamboo plays an important role in forest eco-hydrology process.The initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate of forest soil in the experimental samples both exhibits the development rule of decreasing with depth.Moreover,there is a great difference between the surface soil’s initial infiltration rate and steady infiltration rate,the difference of deep soil is insignificant.Water conservation function of soil is enhanced by forest vegetation,which plays an important role in soil conservation.And we can properly increase the bamboo implantation rate to reinforce the ecological function of regional forest system.