试论《共产党宣言》中关于阶级与民族的原则性表述

A Study on the Principle Expression about Class and Nation in the Communist Manifesto

马克思恩格斯生活在民族国家已成为主导形态的西欧,所以《共产党宣言》对无产阶级与民族问题有清醒认识和明确阐述,指出了"共产党人强调和坚持整个无产阶级共同的不分民族的利益"这一原则和无产阶级首先取得国内的民族领导权,从而更好地实现国际联合这一行动纲领。中东欧地区无产阶级革命面临的却是资产阶级民族国家尚未建立的新情境,庞大的封建帝国仍统治着众多族体。波兰社会党提出的"无条件的民族独立"以及奥地利社会民主党人提出的"民族文化自治"方案,由于没能把"各族无产阶级的自决和紧密联合"放在首位,因而遭到了列宁的批评。只有在中国共产党团结带领全国各族人民进行新民主主义革命的伟大斗争中,这一原则的真理性和实践价值才得到了证实和彰显。在中国共产党建立100周年之际重温《共产党宣言》,具有隆重的纪念意义。

Marx and Engels lived in west Europe in which national states had been the oriented form. So proletariat and ethnic problem was clearly known and elaborated in Communist Manifesto and pointed out that Communists stressed and insisted non-ethnic profit among the whole proletariat and who firstly acquired the National leadership for preferably realizing international association. Proletariat revolution in east Europe was facing the fact that bourgeois nation-state had not been established, and the vast feudal empire still dominated the groups. The plan of unconditional national independence proposed by Socialist party of Poland and national cultural autonomy of social democratic party from Austria met with criticism of Lenin for failing to put self-determination and close association of various proletariat at the first place. Only with unity and leading the people of all ethnics of our country by Chinese Communist Party to carry out the great struggle for new democratic revolution, truth and practical value can be verified and manifested. It will be greatly significant to review Communist Manifesto on the 100 th anniversary of Chinese Communist Party.