实验民族志在中国——朱炳祥教授的主体民族志探索

Experimental Ethnography in China——Exploration on Prof. Zhu Bingxiang’s Subject Ethnography

写文化在表征权力的不平等批判和改变方面做出的努力,在中国人类学同行的实验民族志思潮中有了进一步的推进。作为直面表征危机的主体民族志,就是此种努力之一。朱炳祥从早期对区域社会结构和文化变迁经验的理论化探索,走向表征的断裂,然后通过裸呈获得他者与自我的"语言平权",巩固了自身对"本体论许诺"的语言学范式,最后提出"生性"概念,将作者对殖民主义的批判上升到主体性的理论高度。主体民族志的争议意味着中国人类学经历了一场深刻的写文化启蒙,与此同时,也孕育了迈向实践并直面社会现实新议题的转向的可能。

The efforts of Writing culture in criticizing and changing the authority of author in the text of representation have been further promoted in the creative practices of experimental ethnography sponsored by Chinese anthropological peers. Subjective ethnography is a relatively radical proposition confronting with crisis of representation directly. Zhu Bingxiang is the founder of subjective ethnography. He focused on the theoretical study of regional social structure and cultural change in the fieldwork of southwest ethnic groups since 1995,after a sudden disrupt of representational critique, he transferred to the belief of subjective ethnography, saying goodbye to his early research of etic position, created "naked representation" as the achievement of democracy aiming at representational politics, which also has strengthened the linguistic paradigm of "ontological commitment", while the term "nature of mind" has raised critique of colonialism to a new theoretical height with the conception of subjectivity growing in diaries edited by author himself. The controversy around subjective ethnography means that Chinese anthropology has been experienced a profound enlightenment of Cultural writing, and at the same time, it also gives birth to the possibility of turning towards practice and agenda concerning the reality of social transformation.