中国行政组织合法性的形成路径

The Forming Path of Administrative Organization Legitimacy in China

行政组织获得合法性主要通过两种途径,一是在法治原则下,由行政组织法直接规定;二是在民主原则下,通过层级控制手段,间接受民意机关控制。中国长期依赖后种方式建构行政组织法制。但在现代行政任务变迁下,组织形式的多元化需求使得行政组织逐渐脱离层级控制,从而导致合法性困境,有必要通过行政组织立法予以补救。不过,中国始终坚持单一的层级控制方式,并通过行为法制度、双重领导机制以及“行政自制”机制缓解了组织立法的紧迫性,但这导致了中国行政组织法制化更为严重的路径依赖。

Administrative organizations obtain legitimacy through two main ways.The first is regulation by administrative or⁃ganic law followed the rule of law.The second is that the government uses the hierarchic approach to form a unit responsible to the people’s representative body based on the democratic principle.China has long relied on the latter method to establish the legal system of administrative organizations.However,with the transition of the modern administrative tasks,the need for pluralism in organic form causes administrative organizations out of hierarchic control,which results in the legality defect.Therefore,it is nec⁃essary to remedy by laying down organic law.But China still insists on the single hierarchic way,alleviating the urgency of organ⁃ic legislation by the institutions of behavioral law,dual leadership,and administrative self-control.These expedient practices lead to more serious path dependence on the course of administrative organic legalization.