猪场废水施用对设施白菜地土壤氮盈余的影响

Effects of swine wastewater manure application on soil nitrogen surplus characteristics of facility cabbage field

为降低丹江口水源涵养区养殖业面源污染,高效合理将猪场废水还田利用,促进库区种养结合下绿色发展。本研究在丹江口水源涵养区,连续4茬进行猪场废水施用设施白菜定位试验,设置不施肥处理、优化施肥处理和猪场废水替代化肥(废水氮量分别为281、374和561 kg/hm^(2))5个处理,研究猪场废水施用对设施白菜产量、氮吸收利用和土壤氮盈余的影响。结果表明,较优化施肥,猪场废水施用后白菜产量显著增加,废水施用处理平均增产率达13.73%~39.45%。在4茬白菜种植中,猪场废水氮等量替代化肥氮处理(每茬白菜废水氮施用量281 kg/hm^(2))的氮表观利用率显著高于其他施氮处理,平均为27.68%,而高量废水氮施入处理(每茬白菜废水氮施用量561 kg/hm^(2)),显著增加了土壤氮盈余。研究表明,综合白菜产量、植株氮吸收利用和土壤氮盈余,每茬白菜废水氮施用量为281 kg/hm^(2)是较合理的处理,能够提高白菜氮表观利用率,减少土壤氮盈余,降低硝酸盐淋失的风险。

To reduce the non-point source pollution of the breeding industry in the Danjiangkou reservoir area,return swine wastewater manure to the field efficiently and reasonably,and promote the green development of Danjiangkou reservoir area integrated crop–livestock production system.In this paper,a protected field experiment with five treatments,that is no fertilizer treatment,optimized fertilization treatment,and swine wastewater manure substituting full of chemical nitrogen fertilizer(281,374 and 561 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application of swine wastewater manure per season of facility cabbage),was conducted to study the effects of swine wastewater manure application on yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization,and soil nitrogen surplus in 4-season facility cabbage in Danjiangkou reservoir area.The results showed that the yield of facility cabbage for swine wastewater manure substituting full of chemical nitrogen fertilizer increased significantly ranging from 13.73%to 39.45%,compared with optimized fertilization treatment.In the 4-season of facility cabbage planting,the nitrogen use efficiency of the swine wastewater manure treatment(281 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application of swine wastewater manure per season of facility cabbage)was significantly higher than other treatments,with an average of 27.68%.However,soil nitrogen surplus of high amount nitrogen treatment(561 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application of swine wastewater manure per season of facility cabbage)increased significantly.In view of facility cabbage yield,nitrogen uptake and utilization,and soil nitrogen surplus,the swine wastewater manure treatment of 281 kg/hm^(2) nitrogen application in per season facility cabbage is a reasonable method,which can increase nitrogen use efficiency of the facility cabbage,reduce soil nitrogen surplus,and reduce nitrate leaching.