“华夷”国际观再批判——中西国际关系理念比较

The Concept of“Huayi”Revisited:A Comparison of International Relations Thinking between Ancient China and the West

当前学界在思想文化层面对"华夷"概念作出了较好的诠释,但其国际政治内涵仍有待进一步拓展。通过梳理"华夷"概念的国际政治内涵和外延,本文认为,"华夷"国际观既是对古代中国与周边国家间关系、地区格局的概括,也是时人对于传统国际秩序的认知。近代以来,伴随着国内外形势的发展,国人对于"华夷"国际观的认识也经历了多次变革。本文在总结"华夷"国际观的整体主义思维特征基础上,从"华夷"国际观批判和再批判的视角,反思了西方"主权平等"原则,并对中西方国际关系理念进行了比较,认为东西方国际关系理念既有概念框架上的相似性,又都在某种程度上表现出了"国家中心主义"的特色,但二者在思维模式、外交理念和实施手段等方面存在根本不同。现在我们重新审视"华夷"国际观,不是要复兴古代的"华夷秩序",而是要通过借鉴其积极的方面,继承"华夷"国际观的合理内核,在强调国家责任的基础上推动国际关系理论创新,为未来国际体系的多元包容发展贡献中国智慧和力量。

As a concept of international politics,"Huayi"is not only a description of the relationship between ancient China and its neighboring countries,but also a kind of cognition of the ancient East Asian order.At present,the academic circle has made a good interpretation of the concept of"Huayi"at the ideological and cultural levels,but its international political connotation still needs to be further expanded.By sorting out the international political connotation and extension of the concept of"Huayi,"this paper holds that the international view of"Huayi"is not only a generalization of the relations between ancient China and neighboring countries and the regional pattern,but also the ancient people’s understanding of the traditional international order.With the development of domestic and foreign situations since modern times,Chinese people’s understanding of the international view of"Huayi"has undergone many changes.Based on the holism thinking characteristics of the international view of"Huayi,"this paper,from the perspective of criticism and re-criticism of the international view of"Huayi,"has reflected the Western principle of"sovereign equality"and compared the concepts of international relations between China and the West,and holds that the Eastern and Western concepts of international relations are not only similar in conceptual framework,but also exhibit the same characteristics of"state-centrism"to some extent.However,they are fundamentally different in thinking mode,diplomatic concept and implementation means.The purpose of discuss the international view of"Huayi"again now is not to revive the ancient"Huayi Order,"but to learn from its positive and reasonable things in order to contribute Chinese wisdom and strength to the diverse and inclusive development of the international system in the future.