多孔SiO_(2)分子巢制备多功能涤纶纤维试验研究

Study on Preparation of Multifunctional Polyester Fiber by Porous Silica

针对传统PET材料不具备抗菌、不耐洗等问题,以煎煮法为基础,以草珊瑚、艾叶和薄荷为原料,制备含植物活性成分的溶液,其具有抗菌、杀菌的作用;以溶胶-凝胶法为多孔材料制备方法,用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基苯磺酸钠表面活性剂为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为有机硅源,氨水为催化剂,乙醇和乙醚为助溶剂,在水-乙醇-乙醚体系中合成多孔二氧化硅微球;然后,多孔二氧化硅微球与提取液混合制备含植物活性成分的多孔二氧化硅分子巢;最后以制备的多孔二氧化硅分子巢与普通的聚酯切片用熔融纺丝工艺进行造粒、纺丝,得到具有抗菌、杀菌和耐洗的多功能涤纶纤维。通过SEM微观观察和力学性能测试、抗菌试验、耐洗性测试,对上述制备的多功能涤纶纤维性能进行验证。结果表明:在模板剂总浓度为0.029mol·L^(-1)、V醇∶V醚=20∶20、两种表面活性剂比为4∶1时,得到的多孔SiO_(2)微球排列规整;当多孔二氧化硅分子巢掺量(质量分数)在0.5%~1%时,通过熔融共混纺丝得到的新型多功能涤纶纤维力学性能表现最优;当多孔二氧化硅分子巢掺量(质量分数)在1%时,得到的新型多功能涤纶纤维的抗菌性能达到87.9%。而二氧化硅分子巢掺量越高,纤维材料越耐洗。以上结果说明本试验制备涤纶纤维的方案可行。

In view of the problems that traditional PET materials do not possess antibacterial and washable properties,based on the decocting method,the solution containing plant active ingredients with antibacterial and bactericidal effects were prepared from coralline,artemisia argyi and peppermint.The sol-gel method was used as the preparation method,with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate surfactant as the template,and tetraethyl orthosilicate as the organic silicon source,porous silica microspheres were synthesized in water ethanol ether system with ammonia as catalyst,ethanol and ether as cosolvent.Then,porous silica molecular nests containing plant active components were prepared by mixing porous silica microspheres with extracts.Then the prepared porous silica molecular nests and traditional PET fiber were melt to obtain multifunctional polyester fiber with antibacterial,bactericidal and washable properties.The multi-functional polyester fiber was verified by SEM,mechanical properties,antibacterial test and washing resistance test.The experimental results showed that when the total concentration of template was 0.029 mol·L^(-1),the volume ratio of alcohol to ether ratio was 20∶20,and the ratio of two surfactants was 4∶1,the porous SiO_(2) microspheres were well arranged;at the same time,by melt blending spinning,the porous silica molecular nests with the mass fraction of 0.5%~1%were obtained;When the mass fraction of porous silica molecular nests was 1%,the antibacterial property of the new multifunctional polyester fiber reached 87.9%.These test results show that the preparation method of polyester fiber in this study is feasible.