卵巢microRNA的调控作用

Regulation of ovarian microRNA

卵巢是雌性动物卵泡发育、黄体形成、退化、排卵以及类固醇激素合成的生殖器官,其在microRNA(miRNA)调控下分泌产生的性腺类固醇激素、前列腺素等多种激素和生长因子,控制着动物机体的发育和生理活动。miRNA作为一类内源性非编码RNA和关键调节因子,通过与3′UTR结合调控基因的表达,并通过与靶基因的相互作用,在卵巢发育过程中发挥重要作用。现主要对miRNA在卵巢发育中的最新研究进展,包括miRNA在卵泡发育、黄体形成与退化、卵母细胞成熟、颗粒细胞增殖与凋亡和性腺类固醇激素合成过程中的作用机制进行综述,为深入研究miRNA调节卵巢发育机理提供理论基础。

Ovary is the reproductive organ of follicular development, luteal formation, regression, ovulation, and steroidogenesis in female animals.Under the regulation of microRNA(miRNA),ovaries secrete growth factors, steroidogenesises, prostaglandins and other hormones, which control the development and physiological activities of animal.miRNAs, as a class of small non-coding RNA and key regulatory factors, regulate gene expression through base pairing with the 3′-untranslated region of mRNA of target genes and play an important role in ovary development.This article reviewed the role of miRNAs in follicle development, corpus luteum formation and regression, oocyte maturation, proliferation and apoptosis of granulosa cells, and steroidogenesis of female animal, intending to provide a theoretical basis for further study on the regulatory mechanism of miRNAs in ovarian development.