云南鹤庆龙潭旧石器遗址2019-2020年度发掘简报

Preliminary Excavation Report of the Longtan Paleolithic Site in He Qing,Yunnan Province During the 2019 and 2020

龙潭旧石器遗址地处云南省鹤庆县财丰河流域,2019-2020年发掘,遗址文化层为土状堆积的红褐色砂质黏土层。本次发掘在文化层内出土石制品3487件,属小石片石器传统,以石英正长斑岩为主要原料。遗址出土的石核包括有普通锤击石核、盘状石核、窄长片疤石核、似-细石核和砸击石核等类型,以剥片强度较高的普通锤击石核为主。遗址出土的石片包括有普通锤击石片、长石片、盘状石核石片和三角形石片,以剥片活动中晚期阶段的小型石片为主。遗址出土的工具包括有普通刮削器、陡刃刮削器、锯齿刃器、凹缺器和钻具等,以陡刃刮削器最具特色。遗址新发现的石制品材料总体表现出多样化、进步性的石核剥片技术,稳定成熟的工具加工技术,以及类型丰富的工具组合等技术特点。目前推测遗址的功能为短期活动的石器制作场,时代可能处于晚更新世中晚期阶段。

The Longtan open-air Paleolithic site is located at the Caifeng river valley in Yunnan Province,southwestern China.The site has been excavated during 2019 and 2020,and in total,3487 stone artifacts have been excavated from cultural layers consisting of the red brownish sandy clay.The lithic assemblage at the Longtan site can be assigned to the small flake tools tradition.Quartz syenite porphyry is the dominated raw material used to make artifacts.Cores at the site can be classified as freehand percussion cores,discoidal cores,cores with long narrowed flaking scars,like-microcores and bipolar cores,and among them,the relatively extensively reduced freehand percussion cores are predominant.Flakes include freehand percussion flakes,long flakes,triangular flakes and flakes from the discoidal cores.Most of flakes were produced at the middle to late stages of core reduction sequence.Tools are characterized by the steep-angled scrapers,along with some other types including normal scrapers,denticulates,notches and borers.Overall,the lithic assemblage at the Longtan site shows the diversified and advanced core reduction strategies,consistent tool production technologies,and discrete tool types.Based on technological features expressed by current findings,we suggest that the site of Longtan is probably a temporary workshop of stone knapping,and the age of the site likely falls into the middle and late Late Pleistocene period.