中国山羊的起源与扩散研究

Research on the Origins and Spread of Chinese Goat

家养动物的起源与扩散与农业起源、古代贸易、文化交流密切相关,一直是考古学研究的核心问题。山羊(Capra hircus)是人类最早驯化的家畜之一,为早期人类提供了重要的肉食资源、奶、羊毛和毛皮,在古代社会发展过程中扮演了一个重要的角色。在中国,由于早期动物考古研究的局限性,动物考古学家并没有仔细区分考古遗址中出土的绵羊和山羊,而是笼统地以羊来代替,导致我们对山羊在中国的起源、驯化及其传播情况并不十分清楚。本文系统整理了中国古代遗址中出土的山羊资料,同时结合现代山羊分子生物学研究成果以及古代山羊的古DNA研究,阐述了中国古代山羊的起源与扩散过程,为今后的深入研究提供了一个新的研究思路。

The origin and spread of domestic animals are closely related to the origins of agriculture,ancient trade,and cultural exchanges,and they have always been the core issue of archaeological research.The goat(Capra hircus)is one of the earliest domesticated domestic animals.It provided important meat resources,milk,wool and fur for early humans,and played an important role in the development of ancient society.In China,due to the limitations of early animal archaeological research,zooarchaeologists did not carefully distinguish between sheep and goats unearthed from archaeological sites.Instead,they generally replaced them with Caprinae.As a result,we are not very clear about the origins,domestication and spread of goats in China.In this study,we systematically collected the record of ancient Chinese goats,and combining with modern goat molecular biology research results and ancient DNA research to reveal the origins and spread of ancient Chinese goats.It provides a new perspective for future indepth research.