基于眼动特征的路侧广告牌对驾驶员注意力影响研究

Study on Influence of Roadside Billboard on Drivers’Attention Based on Eye Tracking Characteristics

为了研究不同布设方式的高速公路路侧广告牌对驾驶员的注意力影响,基于Uc/win-ROAD道路仿真软件构建高速公路模拟驾驶场景,利用FORUM8模拟驾驶仪与SMI眼动仪对不同驾驶经验的测试者进行了高速公路模拟驾驶试验。采集模拟驾驶者的眼动指标与各项其他驾驶数据,结合测试者在测试中的发现障碍物的时间和距离及规避障碍成功率等指标,采用分层有序离散选择模型方法,对各模拟驾驶者在不同场景下的专注程度进行了量化比较。另外统计测试者的瞳孔疲劳系数和累计眨眼时间,进一步对其驾驶过程中的注意力的集中程度进行对比,最后基于离差信息准则对模型的精度进行评估。试验结果表明,路侧广告牌的布设密度为影响驾驶员注意力的主要因素,而距路侧距离的影响因素较为次要;驾驶经验较少的测试者与驾龄长的测试者相比受到广告牌的影响程度更大。在满足广告牌商业需求的前提下,构建一个更为合理的广告牌布设方案,进一步减少路侧广告牌对驾驶员注意力的影响,从而建立更加安全的高速公路行驶环境。

To study the influence of roadside billboards with different layouts on driver’s attention,a highway simulation driving scene is constructed based on uC/win-ROAD simulation software,and an expressway simulation driving test is carried out on testers with different driving experiences by using FOREUM8 driving simulator and SMI eye tracker.According to the collected eye movement indicators of simulated driver and other driving data,combining with the tester’s time and distance to find obstacles and the success rate of avoiding obstacles in the test,the concentrations of each simulated driver in different scenarios are quantitatively compared by using hierarchical and ordered discrete selection model.In addition,the pupil fatigue coefficients and the cumulative blinking time of the testers are counted,the concentrations of the attention during driving are further compared,and finally the accuracy of the model is evaluated based on the deviation information criterion.The experimental result shows that(1)the layout density of the roadside billboards is the main factor affecting the drivers’attention,while the influencing factor of the distance from the roadside are less important;(2)the testers with less driving experience are more affected by the billboards than the testers with longer driving experience.On the premise of meeting the commercial demand of billboards,a more reasonable billboard layout scheme is constructed to further reduce the influence of roadside billboards on drivers’attention and to establish a safer driving environment for expressway.