“黑死病”与欧洲中世纪大学

Black Death and Medieval Universities in Europe

在欧洲中世纪大学的档案中没有专门的卷宗记录"黑死病"流行期间的历史,笔者经过对文献的爬梳,通过找到的零星史料探讨了"黑死病"与大学之间的关系。对"黑死病"的预防和治疗超出了中世纪人的能力范围,中世纪的学界对此也毫无良策,然而中世纪大学以及大学教师并未坐以待毙、怨天尤人。本文通过对部分传世史料的梳理,管窥中世纪大学在瘟疫流行期间及过后的应对与作为,期望能够从总体上把握大学在特殊时期所呈现的大致趋势。

As there were no categorized records in the archives of European medieval universities that documents the history of the Black Death,this article investigates the sporadic historical records which reflect the relationship between the Black Death and medieval universities.In general,the prevention and treatment of the Black Death was beyond the ability of medieval people;nor do the medieval academic circles have good strategies for this medical crisis.However,medieval universities and their faculty did not completely give up.By sorting out some historical data,the following research gives a glimpse into the responses and actions of medieval universities during and after the pandemic and hopes to understand the special roles of universities in historically extraordinary times.