儿童哮喘发病及严重程度相关影响因素分析

Analysis of Related Influencing Factors on the Incidence and Severity of Asthma in Children

目的分析儿童哮喘发病及病情严重程度的相关影响因素,为小儿哮喘防治提供参考依据。方法选取2019a3月~2020a5月至上海市第十人民医院(简称上海十院)就诊患儿为研究对象,哮喘组与非哮喘组各200人。采用问卷调查法研究。结果儿童超重或肥胖(OR=2.845,P=0.004)、婴幼儿湿疹(OR=2.118,P=0.043)、过敏性鼻炎(OR=5.912,P<0.001)、家族哮喘史(OR=3.302,P=0.005)、被动吸烟(OR=2.743,P=0.002)、饲养宠物(OR=6.251,P<0.001)、种植花卉(OR=8.967,P<0.001)增加儿童哮喘发生风险,母乳喂养(OR=0.151,P<0.001)降低儿童哮喘发生风险。另外,家中饲养宠物(r=0.175,P=0.013)、种植花卉(r=0.255,P<0.001)与儿童哮喘严重程度呈正相关。结论哮喘是遗传与环境相互作用的结果,环境与哮喘严重程度密切相关。识别哮喘发生或恶化的危险因素对儿童哮喘防治具有重要意义。

Objective:To analyze the factors influencing the incidence and severity of childhood asthma in order to provide reference for the clinical prevention and treatment of childhood asthma.Methods:To make a reach with questionaire survey on the children of 200 in asthma group and 200 in non-asthma group selected from ones who visited Shanghai 10th People's Hospital as patients from March 2019 to May 2020.Results:Overweight or obese children(OR=2.845,P=0.004),eczema(OR=2.118,P=0.043),rhinitis(OR=5.912,P<0.001),family history of asthma(OR=3.302,P=0.005),passive smoking(OR=2.743,P=0.002),keeping pets at home(OR=6.251,P<0.001)and planting flowers at home(OR=8.967,P<0.001)would increas the risk of childhood asthma,and breastfeeding(OR=0.151,P<0.001)reduce the risk of childhood asthma.In addition,keeping pets at home(r=0.175,P=0.013)and growing flowers(r=0.255,P<0.001)would be positively correlated with the severity of asthma in children.Conclusion:Asthma is the result of the interaction between heredity and environment.In addition,environment is closely related to the severity of asthma.It is very important to identify the risk factors of asthma in children.