论检察民事公益诉讼的“刑事化”及其消解

Discussion on the“Criminalization”of Procuratorial Civil Public Interest Litigation and Its Resolution

检察民事公益诉讼包括纯民事公益诉讼和刑事附带民事公益诉讼两种类型,检察民事公益诉讼在保护国家利益和社会公共利益方面发挥了积极作用。但是这一制度在实践运行中却呈现明显的“刑事化”,这是其制度建设不完备、工作惯性思维以及对胜诉率的追求等现实原因所致。而且“刑事化”倾向会导致存在量刑轻型化、增加检察机关的负担以及不利于公益诉讼部门的成长等隐患。检察民事公益诉讼应在因应新时代转型发展需要基础上,改变固有的工作思维和工作方法,降低其级别管辖标准、强化证据收集手段、增加案件发现线索、明确证明标准以及附带民事公益诉讼案件范围等,消解检察民事公益诉讼的“刑事化”,建构特色鲜明和范围明晰的检察工作新领域。

Procuratorial civil public interest litigation includes two types:pure civil public interest litigation and criminal incidental civil public interest litigation.Procuratorial civil public interest litigation plays an active role in protecting national interest and social public interest.However,in practice,this system is obviously“criminalized”,which is caused by the imperfection of its system construction,the inertia thinking of work and the pursuit of the winning rate.Also,the tendency of“criminalization”will lead to light sentencing,increasing the burden of the procuratorial organs and other hidden dangers,and not conducive to the growth of public interest litigation departments.Prosecution of civil public interest litigation should change the inherent thinking and work methods,reduce the level of its jurisdiction standards,strengthening the means of evidence collection,increasing the cases found clues,clear proof standards,and incidental civil public interest litigation case scope based on the transformation in the new era of development needs.Therefore,we can dispel the“criminalization”of procuratorial civil public interest litigation,construct the distinctive new field and clarify the scope of procuratorial work.