低位直肠癌手术的研究进展

Research progress of low rectal cancer surgery

低位直肠癌主要是指生长在直肠下段部分的直肠癌,一般在距离肛缘8 cm的位置,其中超低位直肠癌距离肛缘只有5 cm。一般低位直肠癌临床多数采用保肛或其他治疗方案,比较复杂的直肠癌多采用手术治疗。临床结果显示,低位直肠癌与大肠肿瘤整体的发病原因比较吻合,目前很多的研究理论表明低位直肠癌的病因与基因突变关系紧密。此外,低位直肠癌的病因与患者的饮食密切相关,由于患者长期食用高脂肪肉食及低渣饮食类食品,导致低位直肠癌的发病概率增加。目前,临床上对于低位直肠癌的治疗效果并不明显,导致患者的存活率逐渐降低。研究发现,低位直肠癌患者存活率低的原因主要是术后多发的并发症。术后并发症的发生严重降低了生活质量,对患者的生活及生命安全造成极大威胁。因此,本文综述了低位直肠癌患者的保肛手术、新辅助治疗、腹腔镜手术等五种治疗方法,为低位直肠癌的临床治疗提供借鉴经验。

Low rectal cancer mainly refers to the rectal cancer growing in the lower part of the rectum,which is generally located at 8 cm away from the anal margin,and the ultra-low rectal cancer is only 5 cm away from the anal margin. Generally,anus preserving or other treatment schemes are mostly used for low rectal cancer in clinic,while surgery is often used for more complex rectal cancer. The clinical results show that the etiology of low rectal cancer is consistent with that of colorectal cancer. At present,many research theories show that the etiology of low rectal cancer is closely related to gene mutation. In addition,the etiology of low rectal cancer is closely related to the patient’s diet. Because patients eat high-fat meat and low residue diet for a long time,the incidence of low rectal cancer increases. At present,the clinical treatment effect for low rectal cancer is not obvious,leading to a gradual decline in the survival rate of patients. The study found that the low survival rate of patients with low rectal cancer is mainly due to postoperative multiple complications. The occurrence of postoperative complications seriously reduces the quality of life and poses a great threat to the life and safety of patients. Therefore,this article reviews the anus preserving surgery,neoadjuvant therapy,laparoscopic surgery and other five treatment methods for low rectal cancer patients,so as to provide reference for the clinical treatment of low rectal cancer.