高血压病患者治疗依从性的研究进展

Research progress on treatment compliance of patients with hypertension

由于生活水平的不断提高和人口老龄化加剧,老年慢性病的发病率及死亡率呈逐年上升趋势。相关研究表明,高血压是引起心血管疾病患者死亡的最主要原因。高血压的主要临床特征是体循环动脉血压增高,且联合脑部功能、心肺功能及肾脏功能受损。70%的高血压患者具有遗传家族史,临床认为遗传因素为主要原因,其中40%的高血压患者具有遗传背景。且患者长期的精神紧张、激动、焦虑、受噪声或不良视觉刺激等因素也会引起高血压的发生。膳食结构不合理,如过多的钠盐、低钾饮食、大量饮酒、摄入过多的饱和脂肪酸均可使血压升高。吸烟可加速动脉粥样硬化的过程,成为高血压的危险因素。高血压由于病程长、复发率高,严重影响了患者的生活质量及身心健康。并且,由于患者的认知水平较差,高血压的临床治疗依从性及配合度较低,致使患者疾病不断加重,诱发脑卒中、心肌梗死及冠心病等其他并发症。

Due to the continuous improvement of living standards and the aging of population is aggravating,the incidence rate and mortality rate of chronic diseases in the elderly are increasing year by year. Related studies have shown that hypertension is the main cause of death in patients with cardiovascular disease. The main clinical features of hypertension are increased systemic arterial blood pressure,combined with the impairment of brain,cardiopulmonary and renal functions. The 70% of patients with hypertension have a family history of heredity,which is considered to be the main reason clinically,and 40% of them have genetic background. And patients with long-term mental tension,excitement,anxiety,noise or bad visual stimulation and other factors can also cause the occurrence of hypertension. Unreasonable dietary structure,such as excessive sodium salt,low potassium diet,drinking a lot,intake of excessive saturated fatty acids can make blood pressure rise. Smoking can accelerate the process of atherosclerosis and become a risk factor of hypertension. Due to the long course and high recurrence rate of hypertension,the quality of life and physical and mental health of patients are seriously affected. Moreover,due to the poor cognitive level of patients and the low compliance and coordination degree of clinical treatment of hypertension,the disease of patients is getting worse and worse,and other complications such as stroke,myocardial infarction and coronary heart disease are induced.