企业技术创新主体科技创新人才培养的美国经验与启示——以美国科技高中为例

American experience and Enlightenment of science and technology innovation talent training——Taking American high school of science and technology as an example

美国之所以能够一直位于世界科学中心前列的核心基础与美国对科技创新人才培养重心的下移不无关系,因此将表现最为突出的七所美国科技特色高中学校作为本文的案例,着重分析此类学校是如何将课程结构,教学方法以及课程内容来实现对科技创新人才的培养。通过研究了解到美国学校“共同基础的低平”和“选择领域的精深”相结合的课程设计,既支持学生广度学习外又鼓励其在感兴趣或是自身撞长的领域里进行深度学习,充分注重学生对研究、研讨、设计、采用问题的解决及对项目式学习的教学创新,并且鼓励学生对科技创新关键能力的探索。此外,课程教学决策的情景化、专业化以及适当的评价系统对系统性推动创新人才的培养极为有效。

the reason why the United States has been in the forefront of the world's Science Center is closely related to the downward shift of the focus of American science and technology innovation personnel training.Therefore,this paper takes the seven most outstanding high schools of science and technology in the United States as the cases of this paper,focusing on the analysis of how these schools use the curriculum structure,teaching methods and curriculum content to achieve the training of scientific and technological innovation talents.Through the research,we know that the curriculum design combining“the low level of common foundation”and“the depth of field selection”in American schools not only supports students'extensive learning,but also encourages them to conduct deep learning in the fields they are interested in or are good at.It pays full attention to the solution of problems such as research,research,design and adoption,as well as the teaching innovation of project-based learning,and encourages learning Students'Exploration on the key ability of scientific and technological innovation.In addition,the situational and professional teaching decision-making and appropriate evaluation system are very effective in promoting the cultivation of innovative talents.