学校食堂在用密胺和不锈钢餐具检测及风险分析

Detection and risk analysis of melamine and stainless steel tableware in school canteen

目的分析学校食堂在用密胺和不锈钢餐具风险状况。方法通过检测密胺餐具中甲醛迁移量、三聚氰胺迁移量,不锈钢餐具中铅迁移量、砷迁移量、镉迁移量和镍迁移量6项指标,对食堂抽取的100批次密胺在用餐具和100批次不锈钢在用餐具样品进行风险分析。结果在用问题餐具共72批次,占比36.0%。其中在用问题密胺餐具55批次,占密胺餐具总量的55.0%;问题不锈钢餐具17批次,占不锈钢餐具总量的17.0%。密胺餐具不合格项目主要为甲醛和三聚氰胺(4%乙酸,水)的迁移量超标,不锈钢餐具不合格项目主要为铅、镉元素的迁移量超标。结论食堂应制定密胺餐具相应的使用管理规范,设定密胺餐具的使用年限为1年以内,同时规范餐具的消毒、清洗等操作,从而有效地降低甲醛和三聚氰胺的迁移风险。另外我们应该加强不锈钢餐具原料供应链管理,从源头降低风险。

Objective To analyze the risk status of melamine and stainless steel tableware used in school canteen. Methods Through the detection of formaldehyde migration, melamine migration in melamine tableware, lead migration, arsenic migration, cadmium migration and nickel migration in stainless steel tableware(6 kings of indicators), the risk analysis of 100 batches of melamine tableware and 100 batches of stainless steel tableware samples were carried out. Results A total of 72 batches(36.0%) of problem tableware in use were found in this study. Among them, 55 batches of melamine tableware were in use, accounting for 55.0% of the total melamine tableware, and 17 batches of stainless steel tableware were in use, accounting for 17.0% of the total stainless steel tableware. The unqualified items of melamine tableware were mainly formaldehyde and melamine(4% acetic acid, water) migration exceeding the standard, and the unqualified items of stainless steel tableware were mainly lead and cadmium migration exceeding the standard. Conclusion The canteen should formulate the corresponding use and management specifications of melamine tableware, set the service life of melamine tableware within one year, and standardize the disinfection, cleaning and other operations of tableware, so as to effectively reduce the migration risk of formaldehyde and melamine. In addition, we should strengthen the supply chain management of stainless steel tableware raw materials to reduce the risk from the source.