国际话语权视域下的中国国家形象建设:挑战与对策

Construction of China's National Image from the Perspective of International Discursive Power:Challenges and Countermea­sures

国家形象是国际社会对某一特定国家的总体感知、评价与情感,它的具体内容在主体与客体的共同建构中稳定、变化和更新。提升并运用国际话语权是主权国家塑造和建设国家形象的重要路径。在全球化背景下,中国国家形象的海外认知情况较为复杂,积极与消极评价共存。新冠疫情暴发后,中国的国家形象被不同政治和文化背景的人密集讨论,部分西方国家对中国的污名化现象凸显出来,维护国家形象和提升国际话语权成为紧迫课题。在国际话语权相比过去有所提高的情况下,中国在国家形象的塑造和传播方面仍然面临着诸多问题与挑战,包括“西强中弱”的国际话语权力结构的制约,以及舆论引导、议程设置和学术创新能力方面的不足等。未来,基于国际话语权的构建以维护和完善中国国家形象的具体路径可参考:以舆论性话语权加强公共危机中的国家形象管理,以制度性话语权在国际治理机制的议程、规则和话语中嵌入理想的国家形象,以学术性话语权为国家形象提供更多的价值来源和科学支撑。

National image is the overall perception,evaluation,and emotion of the international community towards a particular country,and its specific content is stabilized,changed,and updated in the co-construction of subject and object.Enhancing and using international discursive power is an important path for sovereign states to shape their national image.In the context of globalization,the overseas perception of Cliina's national image is complicated,with both positive and negative evaluations coexisting.After the outbreak of the COVID-19,China's national image was intensively discussed by people from different political and cultural backgrounds,and the stigmatization towards China by some western countries has come to the fore,making die maintaining of the national image and the enhancement of international discursive power an urgent issue.As the international discursive power has improved compared with the past,China still faces problems and challenges such as structural constraints and insufficient capabilities in the process of shaping and communicating its national image.In the future,specific paths based on the construction of international discursive power to maintain and improve China's national image can be referred to:public opinion discursive power to strengthen the management of national image in public crises,institutional discursive power to embed the ideal national image in the agenda,rules and discourse of international governance mechanisms,and academic discursive power to provide more value sources and scientific support for national image.