心理旋转能力训练后认知能力迁移效应的研究

Research on Transfer Effect of Cognitive Ability after Mental Rotation Ability Training

目的研究心理旋转能力的训练效果及其迁移作用,为提高手控交会对接任务训练效率提供数据基础。方法17名受试者首先进行字母、图形和手部立体3种形式的心理旋转训练,训练10天。在训练开始前、训练中期和训练结束后分别进行三维心理旋转能力、速度感知能力、持久注意力、工作记忆能力以及视觉搜索能力等5项认知能力的测试,并对正确率、反应时间等绩效指标进行统计分析,分析训练后各认知能力的变化。结果3种形式的心理旋转训练中绩效水平发生变化,其中反应时间逐渐减少,正确率逐渐增加。测试中,三维心理旋转能力的绩效指标正确反应时、正确反应时与正确率之比呈现显著性差异(P<0.01),速度感知能力的绩效指标总得分呈现显著性差异(P<0.05),工作记忆能力的绩效指标总分数呈现显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论经过3种形式的心理旋转训练,不仅可以提升心理旋转能力,而且能够提升工作记忆能力和速度感知能力。

Objective To study the training effect and transfer effect of mental rotation ability,so as to provide data basis for improving the training efficiency of manual rendezvous and docking.Methods Seventeen subjects were asked to complete three forms of mental rotation training of letters,graphics and three-dimensional hands for 10 days.Five cognitive abilities including mental rotation,speed perception,sustained attention,working memory,and visual search were tested before,during and after the training.The performance indicators such as the accuracy and the response time were statistically analyzed to study the changes of cognitive abilities after training.Results The performance level changed for all the three forms of mental rotation trainings.The reaction time gradually decreased,while the accuracy rate gradually increased.In the test,there were significant differences in the performance indicators of three-dimensional mental rotation ability,such as correct reaction time,the ratio of correct reaction time and correct rate(P<0.01).The total score of performance index of speed perception ability showed a significant difference(P<0.05),and the total score of performance index of working memory ability showed a significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion After three forms of mental rotation training,not only the mental rotation ability was improved,but also the working memory ability and speed perception.