模拟失重对啮齿动物情绪和认知的影响及缓解措施研究进展

Research Progress in Effects of Simulated Weightlessness on Emotion and Cognition of Rodents and Mitigating Measures

失重会对机体的神经系统、免疫系统、消化系统、心血管系统以及运动系统等产生诸多影响。啮齿动物尾部悬吊是模拟失重效应的有效模型,研究表明,尾吊模拟失重可以使啮齿动物出现抑郁、焦虑等不良情绪,并且降低认知功能。综述了尾吊对啮齿动物情绪和认知等神经系统功能的影响和相关机制,包括神经递质和脑源性神经营养因子的改变、脑氧化应激损伤、脑血管病变、脑细胞缺氧以及炎症反应等;同时也论述了缓解失重对情绪和认知不良影响的措施以及相关中草药和抗生素对模拟失重下动物不良影响的缓解作用。

Weightlessness adversely affects the nervous system,the immune system,the digestive system,the cardiovascular system and the motor system of the organisms.Tail-suspension of rodents is an effective model for simulating weightlessness.Some researches showed that tail-suspension can induce depression,anxiety and other adverse emotions and reduce cognitive function in rodents.The effects and related mechanisms of simulated weightlessness on the emotional and cognitive functions of rodents were reviewed in this paper,including the changes of neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factors,the cerebral oxidative stress injury,the cerebral vascular lesions,the brain cell hypoxia and the inflammatory response.At the same time,the measures to alleviate the adverse effects of simulated weightlessness on emotion and cognition,and some traditional Chinese herbs and antibiotic could alleviate these adverse effects of weightlessness on animals were also discussed.