无人船技术应用于城市内河水质监测

Application of Unmanned Surface Vehicle in Urban River Water Quality Monitoring

随着社会经济和城市的不断发展,城市内河的污染程度不断加大,严重影响居民的居住和自然生态环境。水质监测是城市内河进行综合管理和治理时的一项基础与必要工作。传统监测方式是人工取样监测,往往存在效率低、工作量大等弊端。利用搭载水质传感器[溶解氧(DO)、pH、电导率、温度、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH3-N)电极]的无人船对昆山市张浦镇内河进行在线监测和取样,通过综合水质标识指数分析内河的水质状况和首要污染因子。结果表明,无人船可按照预先规划的航行路径,在比较恶劣环境下,自动避障,精确定位监测取样,同时将数据实时回传,实现了水质监测的智能化。无人船搭载的COD和NH3-N探头的监测数据与实验室分析测试的数据质控比对结果一致性较好,显示无人船在城市内河水质监测中具有广阔的应用前景。

The continuous development of social economy and city has created serious pollution to urban rivers,which seriously affects the resident’s living and the natural ecological environment.Water quality monitoring is a basic and necessary work in comprehensive management and treatment of urban rivers.The traditional monitoring method is manual sampling monitoring,which often has the disadvantages of low efficiency and heavy workload.Therefore,on-line monitoring and sampling of rivers in Zhangpu Town,Kunshan was carried out by an unmanned surface vehicle with water quality sensors of dissolved oxygen(DO),pH,conductivity,temperature,chemical oxygen demand(COD)and ammonia nitrogen(NH3-N).The water quality status and main pollution factors of urban rivers were analyzed by comprehensive water quality mark indices.The unmanned surface vehicle could automatically avoid obstacles,accurately locate monitoring samples and send back the real-time data according to the preplanned navigation path under harsh environment,thus realize intelligent water quality monitoring.The monitoring data of COD and NH3-N probes carried by the unmanned surface vehicle were in good consistency with those obtained by laboratory analysis,indicating that the unmanned surface vehicle had a broad application prospect in urban river water quality monitoring.