3种天然植物提取物对菊小长管蚜的抑制和杀灭活性初步研究

Inhibitory and Insecticidal Activity of Three Natural Plant Extracts on Macrosiphoniella Sanborni

目的:研究天然提取物对菊小长管蚜的抑制和杀灭活性。方法:采用浸叶法分别考察苦楝皮、狼毒和土荆皮3种提取物对菊小长管蚜的杀灭活性,在此基础上测定各提取物复配使用的共毒系数;采用正交实验设计考察3种植物提取物复配使用的最佳活性配比。结果:3种天然提取物对菊小长管蚜均有较好的抑制和杀灭活性,苦楝皮、狼毒和土荆皮对菊小长管蚜的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为79.2,217.0,175.0 mg·L^(-1)。复配使用对菊小长管蚜的杀灭活性总体上优于单一使用,苦楝皮、土荆皮和狼毒提取物在按2∶3∶1(质量浓度比)复配使用对菊小长管蚜杀灭率可达95.3%。结论:研究结果为苦楝皮、土荆皮和狼毒作为药效物质基础开发新型天然植物制剂提供科学依据和理论参考。

Objective:To study the inhibitory and insecticidal activity of three natural extracts on macrosiphoniella sanborni.Methods:The dipping leaf method was used to study the inhibitory and insecticidal activity of three kinds of single plant extracts.On this basis,the co-toxicity coefficient of the mixed use of each extract compounds was determined,and orthogonal test was used to investigate the optimal ratio of the combined use of three plant extracts.Results:The three kinds of natural extracts had good inhibitory and insecticidal activity on macrosiphoniella sanborni.The median lethal concentration(LC50)of Melia azedarach L.,Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.and Pseudolarix amabilis(Nelson)Rehd.was 79.2,217.0 and 175.0 mg·L^(-1),respectively.The combined use had better killing activity on macrosiphoniella sanborni than single use,and the extracts of Melia azedarach L.,Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.and Pseudolarix amabilis(Nelson)Rehd.could kill 95.3%of macrosiphoniella sanborni at the ratio of 2∶3∶1(mass concentration ratio).Conclusion:The research results provide scientific basis and theoretical reference for the development of new natural plant preparations based on medicinal materials of Melia azedarach L.,Euphorbia fischeriana Steud.and Pseudolarix amabilis(Nelson)Rehd..