脂肪酸转运体CD36在肿瘤发展中的研究进展

Research progress of fatty acid translocase CD36 in cancer progression

白细胞分化抗原36(CD36),属于B类清道夫受体家族(SR-B2),也被称为脂肪酸转运体(FAT)。CD36是一种跨膜糖蛋白,在多种细胞类型中广泛表达,因其胞外结构域能与多种配体相互作用,从而在免疫反应、炎症、血管生成、脂质代谢等过程中发挥重要作用。而在肿瘤领域,CD36在肿瘤细胞膜上有高表达现象,且通过不同机制影响了恶性肿瘤的发生、发展等过程。当CD36与其配体[如血小板反应蛋白-1(TSP-1)、长链脂肪酸(LCFA)、Toll样受体、胶原蛋白等]结合后,介导了信号传导,在肿瘤的侵袭转移、免疫调节、耐药等方面起到重要作用。除此之外,CD36还在肿瘤相关基质细胞和免疫细胞上有所表达,在肿瘤发展过程中起了不同的作用。目前,CD36已被提议作为肿瘤的生物标志物和预后不良的指标。基于已有的研究报道,本文将对CD36的结构、组织分布、相关配体进行分析,进一步探讨它在不同类型肿瘤中的影响过程和机制,以期为靶向CD36的抗肿瘤药物研发提供新的视角。

Cluster of differentiation 36(CD36)belongs to the scavenger receptor class B type 2(SR-B2)and is also known as fatty acid translocase(FAT).CD36 is a transmembrane glycoprotein and widely expressed in multiple cell types.Because its extracellular domain interacts with diverse ligands,CD36 plays a key role in immunity,inflammation,angiogenesis,lipid metabolism and so on.In the field of cancer,more and more studies have shown that CD36 is highly expressed in some tumor cells and has an effect on the tumorigenesis and progression through different mechanisms.Especially when CD36 and its ligands[such as thrombospondin-1(TSP-1),long chain fatty acid(LCFA),Toll-like receptors,collagen,etc.]are combined,it mediates the signaling pathway and has a great influence in tumor metastasis,tumor immunity,drug resistance and other process.In addition,CD36 is also expressed in tumor-associated stromal cells and immune cells and plays a different role in cancer progression.Currently,CD36 has been proposed as a biomarker in various types of tumors and indicates the poor prognosis.Based on the existing researches,this article reviews the structure,tissue distribution and ligands of CD36,and further discusses its effects and mechanisms in different types of tumors,in order to provide new perspectives for the development of anti-tumor drugs targeting CD36.