论湖南近代夏布业的产销及工商的活动

On the Production,Marketing and Industrial and CommercialActivities of Grass Cloth’s Industry in Modern Hunan

夏布是中国近代工业化发展的先导产业。浏阳、醴陵的夏布实可代表整个湖南,不仅历史悠久,久负盛名,是中国夏布的主产地,而且还比四川夏布更为著名。甚至即使是产量最大的江西,为赢得市场也托为浏阳夏布之名。在产销过程中,湖南不仅以清末醴陵最为旺盛,以致江西萍乡、袁州等地也都直接赴醴陵采购,而且其质量之佳,冠于全国。但是由于醴陵交通不便、本地商人起步较晚等诸多问题,以致醴陵夏布之名遂为浏阳夺其席位,直至民国初年外间才开始知晓有醴陵夏布。作为仅次于化工的重要产业,不仅夏布工人规模较大,其经济生活反映了工人的生存现状,而且嫁接工人生产与相应市场中的商人在夏布产销中也呈现出既有促销、提倡国货和稳定市场的一面,但也不乏盘剥的伎俩,使浏阳、醴陵的织工工资在计算方面存在着按布疋产量和布价计算的区别。

Grass cloth was the leader of China’s industrialization during the Republic of China.Grass cloth of Liuyang and Fuling can represent the whole of Hunan.It has a long history and is well-known.It is the main producing place of Grass cloth in China,and it is“more famous”than Grass cloth of Sichuan.Even Jiangxi,which has the largest output,“trusted Liuyang Grass cloth”to win the market.In the process of production and marketing,not only Liling was the most prosperous in the late Qing Dynasty,but also its high quality,tops the country.However,due to inconvenient transportation and late start of local businessmen,etc.,the name of Fuling Grass cloth was won by Liuyang,until the early years of the Republic of China,“there have been known Fuling Grass cloth from the outside.At the same time,the Grass cloth textile industry is an important industry second only to the chemical industry,the scale of workers is large,and its economic life can reflect the status of the working class.The businessmen who graft workers and produce in the corresponding market have both promotion and promotion of domestic products in Grass cloth production and sales.On the side of stabilizing the market,but there is no lack of exploitation techniques,so that the wages of weavers in Liuyang and Fuling are different in terms of fabric output and fabric price.