梁漱溟乡村建设实践的文化向度与社会基础

The Cultural Orientation and Social Foundation of Liang Shuming’s Rural Construction Practice

20世纪二三十年代,在西方文化入侵和内部革新运动的双重冲击下,中国乡村社会濒临崩溃。东西文化的碰撞,造成中国乡村社会严重的文化失调。梁漱溟等人为寻求中国社会的出路,对民国时期乡村社会进行文化剖析,认为中国社会的本质是礼俗社会,呈现出以礼俗、伦理来组织社会,以教化、内省自力的文化方式来运行和维持的特点。中国礼俗社会的基础是伦理本位和职业分立,两者交相为用,构成礼俗社会的体用结构。在乡村建设实践中,梁漱溟试图通过乡约、乡农学校等文化组织形式来重新建设乡村。这对新农村建设与乡村振兴战略中文明乡风建设和乡村社会共同体建设具有重要借鉴意义。

During the 1920s and 1930s,under the double impact of Western cultural invasion and Internal reform movement,China’s rural society was on the verge of collapse.The collision and impact of Eastern and Western cultures have caused serious cultural imbalance in China’s rural society.Liang Shuming and other intellectuals made a cultural analysis of Chinese rural society in the Republic of China,seeking the future of Chinese society.Liang Shuming argued that Chinese Society was a Gemeinschaft in essence,which organized the society by custom and ethics,operated and maintained by cultivation and introspection.The foundation of Chinese etiquette society was ethics-centered and occupational division,and these two aspects interacted on each other,forming the body and function-structure of Chinese etiquette society.In his rural construction practice,Liang Shuming tried to reconstruct the countryside by cultural approaches,such as rural community conventions and country schools.All these theory and practices provide significant reference to the construction of rural community and local civilization in Rural Revitalization Project.