常州市武进区森林景观格局研究

Preliminary Study on Forest Landscape Pattern based on GIS in Wujin District of Changzhou City

利用常州市武进区2019年森林资源管理一张图数据,GIS与Fragstats软件,通过计算各镇不同类型景观面积及景观格局指数,对武进区景观格局进行分析和研究。研究结果表明:(1)常州市武进区林地面积13527.52 hm2,以有林地、灌木林地和苗圃地为主,分别占57.3%、18%、23%,共98.3%,其中有林地森林景观面积、斑块平均面积和总边缘长度最大,占绝对优势,是维持武进区生态系统稳定和生态安全的决定因素。(2)森林景观面积主要分布在嘉泽镇、雪堰镇、湟里镇,苗圃地斑块数最多,边缘密度和分散指数也最大,最大斑块指数最小;武进区苗圃地面积都不大,斑块分散,破碎化程度较高。(3)各镇森林景观面积和斑块数差异较大,面积由大到小排序依次为嘉泽镇>雪堰镇>湟里镇>经开区>洛阳镇>西太湖>高新区>湖塘镇>礼嘉镇>前黄镇>牛塘镇;雪堰镇灌木林地占比最大,嘉泽镇有林地和苗圃地占比最大。(4)嘉泽镇森林景观蔓延度指数最低,破碎化程度最高;各乡镇香农多样性指数相差不大,指数值都相对较高,其中嘉泽、湟里、雪堰镇最高,景观多样性最丰富,湖塘、牛塘和经开区香农多样性指数最低,属高度建设开发地区,城镇化程度较高,人类活动强度较大,森林景观破碎化严重。建议从区域整体角度统筹城市规划,在保持森林总量不变的前提下,在新一轮林地保护利用规划中调整优化全区森林生态空间布局,增强全区森林景观连通性,更好发挥生态功能。

Based on the data from the map of forest resource management in Wujin district of Changzhou City in 2019,the forest landscape pattern of Wujin district was analyzed and studied using GIS and FRAGSTATS software to calculate the different types of forest landscape area and forest landscape pattern index.The results showed that:i)the forest landscape area in Wujin district of Changzhou City is 13527.52 hm2,with forest land 98.3%in total and shrub land and nursery land accounting for 57.3%,18%and 23%respectively.The forest landscape area,patch average area and total edge length of forest land are the largest,occupying an absolute advantage,which is the decisive factor for maintaining ecosystem stability and ecological security in Wujin district;ii)the forest landscape area is mainly distributed in Jiaze town,Xueyan town and Huangli town.The number of patches in nursery is the largest,the edge density and dispersion index are the largest,and the largest patch index is the smallest.The planting area of nursery land in Wujin district is not large enough,with the patches scattered,and the degree of fragmentation is high;iii)the order of forest landscape area from large to small is Jiaze town>Xueyan town>Huangli town>Economic Development zone>Luoyang town>West Taihu Lake>high tech zone>Hutang town>Qianhuang town>Niutang town.The proportion of shrubbery in Xueyan town is the largest and the proportion of woodland and nursery land in Jiaze town is the largest;iv)the spreading index of forest landscape in Jiaze town is the lowest and the fragmentation degree is the highest.The Shannon diversity index of each township has no significant difference,and the values are relatively higher.Jiaze,Huangli and Xueyan towns have the highest Shannon diversity indices and the richest landscape diversity,while Hutang,Niutang and economic development zone have the lowest Shannon diversity index.These three towns are highly developed areas with high degree of urbanization,high intensity of human activities and serious fragmentation of forest landscape.It is suggested that the city planning be planned from the perspective of regional integration.Under the premise of keeping the total amount of forest unchanged,the layout of forest ecological space should be adjusted and optimized in the new round of forest protection and utilization planning to enhance the connectivity of forest landscape in the whole region for a better ecological function.