上海奉贤区南桥镇小学生情绪状况的调查

Investigation of the emotional status of primary school pupils in Nanqiao Community of Fengxian District

目的:调查上海奉贤区南桥镇小学生焦虑、抑郁的现状。方法:在上海奉贤区南桥镇14所小学中采用整群随机抽样的方法,随机抽取4所小学,选取3~5年级小学生2140人作为调查对象。其中男性979名,占49.17%,女性1012名,占50.83%;三年级学生645名,占32.39%,四年级学生688名,占34.56%,五年级学生658名,占33.05%。采用一般状况调查表、儿童焦虑性情绪障碍筛查表(SCARED)、儿童抑郁障碍自评量表(DSRSC)、儿童自我意识量表(PHCSS)进行情绪状况调查。结果:有201名小学生存在焦虑症状,占10.10%;275名小学生存在抑郁症状,占13.81%;焦虑、抑郁症状共存的小学生有47名,占2.36%。女生存在抑郁症状和焦虑、抑郁共存的比例高于男生(P<0.05)。女生学校恐怖评分明显高于男生(P<0.05)。女生的自我意识量表各项评分明显高于男生(P<0.05)。低年级小学生抑郁总分、焦虑总分、躯体化惊恐、分离性焦虑及学校恐怖因子评分均高于高年级小学生(P<0.05)。结论:小学生中焦虑抑郁情绪问题比较普遍,应引起教育工作者和临床医生的重视。

Objective:To investigate the current situation of anxiety and depression among primary school pupils in Nanqiao Community of Fengxian District,Shanghai.Methods:A cluster random sampling method was used in 14 primary schools in Nanqiao Community of Fengxian District,4 primary schools were randomly selected,and 2140 pupils in grade 3-5 were selected as the subjects of this investigation.There were 979 males,accounting for 49.17%and 1012 females,accounting for 50.83%.There were 645 students in grade 3,accounting for 32.39%,and 688 students in grade 4,accounting for 34.56%,and 658 students in grade 5,accounting for 33.05%.The general condition questionnaire,screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders(SCARED),depression self-rating scale for children(DSRSC)and children’s self-concept scale(PHCSS)were used to investigate the emotional status.Results:Two hundred and one pupils had anxiety symptoms,accounting for 10.10%;275 pupils had depression symptoms,accounting for 13.81%;47 pupils had anxiety and depression symptoms,accounting for 2.36%.The proportion of female pupils with depression,anxiety and depression was higher than that of male pupils(P<0.05).The school terror score of female pupils was significantly higher than that of male pupils(P<0.05).The score of self-awareness scale of female pupils were significantly higher than that of male pupils.The scores of depression,anxiety,somatization panic,dissociative anxiety and school phobia of lower grade pupils were higher than those of higher grade pupils(P<0.05).Conclusion:Anxiety and depression are common in primary school pupils,which should be paid attention to by educators and clinicians.