明清时期广东五邑地区政区变迁研究

A Study on Changes of Administrative Division of Wuyi Area in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

广东五邑地区以潭江流域为中心,是一个相对独立的地理单元,但该地的政区边界却打破了自然山川的界限。从明代到清初顺治年间,为了应对以民变为首的地方政治危机,朝廷先后在潭江流域设置了恩平、新宁、开平三县。这些县级政区的边界大致与潭江流域的地理分界线重合,地理单元的独立性开始作用于政区划界中。清代雍乾年间,形成了新会、鹤山、新宁、开平、恩平五县分治潭江流域的格局。同时,随着新会县核心政区地位的巩固,流域内各县整合为一个统县政区的倾向开始加强,为后世潭江流域的政区整合奠定基础。明清时期潭江流域的政区变迁体现了地理环境和地方政治局势在政区格局形成过程中的根本性作用。

For a time,the Wuyi(five counties)Area was generally located inside the Tanjiang River Basin,a relatively detached geographical unit enclosed by mountains and rivers,when its borders went far beyond the limit of the basin intentionally.Till the Ming dynasty,in order to deal with the local political crisis and civil revolts,the government adjusted the administrative division of the area.Four counties were added or reset,namely Enping,Xinning,Kaiping and Heshan.New borders of these counties were basically in line with the range of Tanjiang River Basin.It was a realization of a geographical unit to affect the forming of administrative borders.In Yongzheng and Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty(1678—1796),the administrative division of this area was roughly accomplished.Xinhui county has become the core county.Along with other four counties in the basin,the Wuyi Area was firstly integrated into a prefecture-level region.The political-geographical changes of Tanjiang River Basin indicated that the geographical environment and local politics played an important role in the forming of political-geographical structure.