瘤菌根菌对铁皮石斛生长和营养成分的影响

Growth and Nutrient Content of Dendrobium officinale as Affected by Epulorhiza Symbiosis

【目的】了解瘤菌根菌与铁皮石斛建立共生关系后对植株地上部生长和营养物质积累的影响。【方法】通过液体培养瘤菌根菌属菌株,浇灌无菌盆栽铁皮石斛苗的根部共培养,观察铁皮石斛植株的农艺性状的变化,并比较不同年限铁皮石斛鲜条的营养物质含量的变化。【结果】接菌处理的铁皮石斛盆栽苗比未接菌的对照生长旺盛,叶色浓绿,植株健壮,1年条和2年条的有效茎杆数分别增加了65.67%和74.25%,单茎重分别增加了55.29%和51.45%,差异显著(P<0.05),提高了铁皮石斛的产量。接菌后还提高了粗多糖、石斛碱、粗蛋白和氨基酸的含量,其中接菌后1年条的粗多糖和粗蛋白含量较未接菌的对照分别提高了30.39%和18.7%,差异显著(P<0.05);接菌后1年条和2年条的氨基酸总量显著增加,分别增加了27%和30.25%;粗纤维和灰分的含量在接菌后减少,分别减少了17.76%和36.36%,差异显著(P<0.05)。【结论】接入瘤菌根菌能够显著提高铁皮石斛的产量和营养成分的含量,说明增加产量与提高营养物质含量并不矛盾,这对铁皮石斛的有机菌肥的开发应用、人工栽培有机种植以及鲜条采收时间具有重要的指导意义。

【Objective】Effects of the symbiosis between Epulorhiza sp.and Dendrobium officinale in a liquid culture medium on the growth and nutrient content of the plant were analyzed.【Method】In a potted experimentation,the sterile D.officinale seedlings were irrigated with a liquid medium as control or one containing Epulorhiza sp.for the treatment.Agronomic characteristics and nutrient contents of the stems and leaves from one-and 2-year-old D.officinale plantlets were monitored.【Result】Showing dark green leaves and robust stems,the treatment plantlets grew more vigorously than control.In the presence of Epulorhiza sp.,on average the girths of the productive stems of one-and 2-year-old plantlets significantly increased by 65.67%and 74.25%,respectively,and the single stem weight by 55.29%and 51.45%,respectively(P<0.05).The increases meant improved crop yield.Meanwhile,the contents of polysaccharides,dendrobine,crude protein,and amino acids increased as well.For the one-year-old plantlets,the crude polysaccharides rose significantly by 30.39%,and the crude protein 18.7%(P<0.05).For both one-and 2-year-old plantlets,the total amino acids significantly increased by 27%and 30.25%,respectively(P<0.05),while the crude fiber and ash significantly decreased by 17.76%and 36.36%,respectively(P<0.05).【Conclusion】Both crop yield and nutrient content of D.officinale could be significantly improved by the presence of Epulorhiza sp.in medium.It suggested the potential benefits of organic fungi-containing manure utilization,artificial greenhouse operation,and harvest time management for the cultivation of D.officinale.