红外相机技术监测效率分析——以陕西佛坪北部山区鸟兽监测为例

Analysis on Monitoring Efficiency of Infrared Camera Technology:A Case of Monitoring Birds and Mammals in North Foping County,Shaanxi

利用红外相机对陕西汉中市佛坪县北部山区3个监测样地内的大型兽类和地栖鸟类进行了初步调查和监测,分析了在该区域利用红外相机监测的效率、相机数量和相机工作日与物种数量间的关系以及物种的最佳拍摄地点。结果表明:59台红外相机共拍摄到物种独立照片22089张,鉴定出野生动物40种,其中,国家一级重点保护野生动物5种,国家二级重点保护野生动物8种。当相机数量增加到54台时拍摄到了本次记录的全部40种野生动物,当单台相机工作日达到140 d时,监测物种数趋于饱和。不同物种的最佳拍摄地点受季节和海拔的双重影响,表现出一定的规律性。综上所述,现有的红外相机布设方法,能够有效地对大型兽类和地栖鸟类进行监测调查,但对于其他啮齿类和树栖鸟类,还应该从物种的体型、生活习性、栖息环境,红外相机布设的位点选择、布设时间、相机参数设置等方面,重新考虑监测方法。此研究不仅积累了监测样地的本底资料,也为红外相机在该区野生动物保护的应用提供了可借鉴的基础资料。

In order to analyze the monitoring efficiency of infrared camera and to estimate the relationship between the numbers of cameras and species,camera-work days and species number,and the best monitoring sites of cameras,the wild birds and mammals were monitored in north Foping County,Hanzhong City(Shaanxi Province)by using infrared camera technology.Across the 59 locations distributed in 3 sample areas,a total of 22089 images were captured by 54 cameras with at least 140 days of shooting,and a maximum number of 40 wildlife species including 5 classⅠand 8 classⅡnationally key protected wild animals in China were identified.Moreover,the best monitoring sites for different species could be influenced by seasons and altitudes.In summary,the infrared camera technology can be an effective method to monitor mammals with large and medium sizes,terrestrial birds and nocturnal animals.However,for the observation of other wildlife species,such as rodent and arboreal birds,the body size,living habits,environment,monitoring location selection,camera parameter setting and etc.should be considered for the selection of optimal monitoring method.This study provides valuable data for the monitoring of local resources and further better application of infrared camera technology in this area.