基于最小累积阻力模型的生态安全格局构建研究进展

Research Progress of Ecological Security Pattern Construction Based on Minimum Cumulative Resistance Model

“山水林田湖草是生命共同体”理念强调生态系统修复的整体性。构建生态安全格局可以连接破碎生境,提高景观连通性,优化生态网络,进而维护区域生态安全。采用文献分析法,以“格局要素规划与设计-源地识别-阻力面设置与修正-廊道提取-格局优化与有效性评价-研究成果应用”为逻辑线,系统梳理基于最小累积阻力模型构建生态安全格局的各重要环节,整理和分析当前各环节研究要点和存在问题,提出未来研究方向的建议。结果表明:(1)生态源地识别应采取直接识别与间接识别相结合的方式,满足实践中管理监督的需求;(2)目前阻力面构建方式主要有基于土地覆被/土地类型打分赋值和基于生态系统服务赋值2种,分别存在主观性较强和适用性较差的缺陷,应完善相关指标体系,提高生态阻力面赋值科学性;(3)生态网络相较于生态保护红线更加强调景观连通性,可以通过生态廊道和生态节点优化生态保护红线布局;(4)最小累积阻力模型相较于其他方法具有适用性较强和兼容性较好的优势,但未来仍需加强多路径分析和生态节点的研究,更加注重研究对象空间尺度的差异性,提高模型的客观性和适用性。

The existence of mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands systems emphasises the need for ecosystem integrity and reflects the relationships among natural ecosystems.The construction of ecological security pattern can connect fragmented habitats,thereby improving the stability of the ecosystem and maintaining regional ecological security.Using the literature analysis method,the logical line of"planning and design of pattern elements-sources identification-resistance surface setting and modification-corridor extraction-pattern optimization and effectiveness evaluation-application of research results"was taken for combing out each important link in constructing ecological security pattern based on minimum cumulative resistance model,clearing and analyzing the current research points and existing problems of each link,so as to make suggestions and to point out the direction of future development.The results show that:(1)For the identification of ecological sources,a combination of direct and indirect identification should be adopted to meet the needs of management and supervision in practice.(2)At present,resistance surface construction methods mainly include scoring assignment based on land cover and ecosystem service assignment,which have the disadvantages of strong subjectivity and poor applicability.Relevant index systems should be improved to promote the scientific nature of the ecological resistance surface assignment;(3)Compared with the ecological red line,the ecological network emphasises the connectivity of the landscape.The layout of the ecological red line can be optimised through corridors and nodes.(4)Compared with other methods,the minimum cumulative resistance model has the advantages of applicability and compatibility.However,in the future,it is still necessary to strengthen the researches on multi-path analysis and ecological nodes,pay more attention to the difference of the spatial scale of the research object,and improve the objectivity and applicability of the model.