工作嵌入式教师学习的历史线索与理论视野

The Historical Clues and Theoretical Vision of Job-Embedded Teacher Learning

近年来,为回应各国政府对提高教育质量和教师专业发展效果的诉求,研究者正致力于转变教师专业发展的范式,以使其更加务实和有效。从历史线索来看,教师专业发展先后经历过"实践—经验""技术理性""实践—反思""工作嵌入式教师学习"等四种范式的转换。其中,工作嵌入式教师学习范式博其他三种范式之所长,代表了最有效务实的教师学习范式。该范式强调教师学习的主动性,重视信息技术对教学的支持,关注专家导师与促进者的互促作用,以期帮助教师在日常实践中不断改进教学实践,持续增强教师专业能力。工作嵌入式教师学习主要包括"专家进课堂""专家引领的研学助教"和"专家引领现象为本的课例研修"三种模式,对支持个性化和持续性专业学习具有理论和实践价值。未来,教师专业发展项目将会以整合的取向重新设计并付诸实践,融合认知、动机和情感的教师专业发展模式和教师学习将是今后研究的重要议题。

In recent years,in response to governments’demands for improving the quality of education and the effects of teacher professional development,researchers have been working to transform the paradigm of teacher professional development to make it more pragmatic and effective.From the historical clues,the professional development of teachers has experienced four paradigms of"practice-experience","technical rationality","practice-reflection"and"job-embedded professional learning".Among them,the job-embedded professional learning paradigm combines the strengths of the other three paradigms,representing the most effective and pragmatic teacher learning paradigm.In order to help teachers continuously improve their teaching in daily practice and continue to enhance their professional capabilities,this paradigm emphasizes the initiative of teachers in learning,attaches importance to the support of information technology for teaching,and pays attention to the mutual promotion of expert tutors and facilitators.Job-embedded teacher learning mainly includes three practical models of"expert guidance based-on the classroom","research learning and teaching assistance led by experts"and"phenomenon-based lesson study led by experts",which has theoretical and practical value for supporting personalized and continuous professional learning.In the future,the teacher professional development project will be redesigned and put into practice with an integrated approach.And the teacher professional development model or teacher learning that integrates cognition,motivation and emotion will be an important issue for future research.