中国民族研究的重大转变:从借用国外理论到建构中国学派

Major Transformations in Chinese Ethnic Studies:From Borrowing Foreign Theories to Constructing the Chinese School

从影响中国民族研究的四因素:苏维埃民族学派、古典马克思主义民族学、西方人类学民族学理论、中国本土经验(政府政策与学者探索)出发,基于国外理论与国内发展两个角度,可以发现中国民族研究出现了本土理论转变趋向,不同时期的民族研究特点和理论探索在变化中发展,其中,自改革开放以来,民族研究领域不断扩张,研究内容日益多元,每个阶段的国外理论引介与本土理论创新,表现出我国逐渐探索适合本国民族发展实情的理论研究历程。按照不同时期的国外影响与本土构建,中国民族研究理论的发展与重大转变可以分为以下三个阶段:国外理论引介与本土恢复重建(1978—1990年),本土问题导向与国外理论验证(1990—2000年),创建中国学派与国际影响增强(2000年至今)。

This paper starts with the four factors that affect Chinese ethnic studies:the ethnology of the Soviet Union,the classical Marxist ethnology,the western anthropology and ethnology,and the local experience of China(government policies and scholar explorations).Based on foreign theories and the domestic development,this paper points out the theory transformation to localization in Chinese ethnic studies,summarizes the research characteristics and theoretical explorations in development.Since the reform and opening up in 1978,Chinese ethnic studies have seen the constant expansion of research fields,increasing diversity of research contents,and the introduction of foreign theories and the innovation of local theories in each stage.This shows China has gradually explored the theoretical research course suitable for its own.According to the foreign influence and local construction in different periods,the development course and major transformations of Chinese ethnic studies can be divided into the following three stages:the first is the introduction of foreign theories and reconstruction of local theories(1978 to 1990),the second is the orientation of local issues and the verification of foreign theories(1990 to 2000),and the third is the establishment of the Chinese school and its increasing international influence(since 2000).