从平权意识走向自我意识——20世纪英国小说中女性主体地位的变迁

From the Consciousness of Equal Rights to Self-consciousness——The Changes of British Women’s Principal Position in the 20th Century

女性主题是20世纪英国小说表现的重要内容之一。女性主体地位的找寻构成女性主题的一条主线,而这一主线又通过女性平权意识到自我意识的发展得以艺术化地体现出来。在男性主导的社会中,平权意识尤其表征为女性要求与男性之间的平等,特别是女性追求与男性在社会、政治、经济、文化等方面的平等权利,以及在情感表达、语言表述等方面的相互理解与尊重。女性自我意识则可见于主体的人对自我本身以及自我与外在世界关系的认知,它在男性主导的社会中主要体现在肯定两性差别的基础上,寻找女性在精神上、心理上的平等与独立。20世纪英国小说充分而深刻地揭示了女性主体地位的变迁。它以女性积极谋求独立地位与平等权利为精神底色,艺术化地呈现了女性同男性在男权为主的社会中由对抗到融合的过程,而这个过程恰恰有机地存在于由平权意识向自我意识渐进的历史跨度中。

"Female"is one of the important subjects of British novels in the 20 th century.The search for female principal position serves as a main line of female subjects,which was uncovered artistically through the narrative of changes of female consciousness from the consciousness of equal rights to selfconsciousness.In the male dominated society,the consciousness of equal rights is represented as a request for the equality between men and women,especially the pursuit of social,political,economic and cultural rights shared by men,and the mutual understanding and respect among men and women in verbal and emotional expression.The female self-consciousness is embodied in the subject’s cognition of the self and the relationship between the self and the external world,and it is mainly reflected in the affirmation of gender differences and the search for women’s spiritual and psychological equality and independence.British novels in the 20 th century have profoundly revealed the changes of women’s principal position,taking the pursuit for independence and equality of women as the spiritual foundation.These novels artistically demonstrate the process from conflicts to integration between men and women in a male dominated society,which exits organically in the historical span that involves the transition from the consciousness of equal rights to self-consciousness.