心理技能训练对运动表现的影响

Effects of Psychological Skills Training on Sport Performance

心理技能是通过练习形成的可以影响个体心理状态的心理操作系统。面对激烈的体育竞赛,运动员往往会出现紧张、焦虑等消极情绪,而心理技能训练可以缓解这种情况。该研究的目的是探究心理技能训练对运动表现的影响。心理技能训练主要包括表象训练、渐进放松训练、自我谈话和正念训练。该文通过查阅文献资料,总结并展示各种心理技能分别对运动能力产生的促进作用,启示和建议教练员应该在日常训练中加入心理技能训练,以改善运动员情绪状态及提升运动成绩。

Psychological skill is a psychological operating system which can influence individual’s mental state through practice.In the face of fierce athletic competition,athletes are often exposed to tension,anxiety and other negative emotions,psychological skills training can alleviate this situation.The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of psychological skills training on sport performance.Psychological skills training mainly includes imaginary training,progressive relaxation training,self-talk and mindfulness training.This article summarizes and demonstrates the promotion effect of various psychological skills on sport performance through literature review.It is enlightened and suggested that coaches should add psychological skills training to routine training to improve their athlete’s performance and emotional state.