“如此”的词汇化及篇章功能研究

Research on the Lexicalization and Textual Function of“Ruci”

指示代词“如此”是由动宾结构“如+此”固化而来的。“如此”作为指示代词的用法,产生于战国时期,发展于汉魏时期,至迟在唐五代时期就已经完成其词汇化进程。“如此”的词汇化主要有两方面的表现:一是句法功能的不断拓展,二是动词“如”的“相似”义的磨损与脱落。句法位置的变化、动宾结构的非典型性、双音节韵律模式的推动是“如此”发生词汇化的重要原因。“如此”具有篇章衔接功能,其篇章功能具体表现为“回指-结论推断”功能、“预指-话题推进”功能、“无指-话轮维持”功能和“无指-预示话轮终结”功能。

Demonstrative pronoun“Ruci”is solidified from the verb-object structure“Ru+Ci”.The use of“Ruci”as a demonstrative pronoun originated from the Warring States Period,developed in the Han and Wei Dynasties,and completed its lexicalization process in the Tang and Five Dynasties at the latest.The lexicalization of“Ruci”is mainly manifested in two aspects:one is the continuous expansion of syntactic functions;the other is the wear and tear of the meaning of“similar”of the verb“Ru”.The change of syntactic position,the untypicality of the verb-object structure and the promotion of the disyllabic prosodic pattern are the important reasons for the lexicalization of“Ruci”.“Ruci”has the function of discourse cohesion,which is embodied in the function of“anaphora-inferring conclusions”,“preaphora-advancing the topic”,“nonreferential-maintaining the speech wheel”and“nonreferential-foretelling the end of speech wheel”.