公开水域游泳运动员的比赛心理特征分析

Analysis on the Psychological Characteristics of Open Water Swimmers

该文主要以公开水域游泳项目的长距离自由泳运动员为研究对象,采取文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法及梳理分析法对公开水域游泳运动员的心理特征进行研究分析。研究结论:第一,公开水域游泳运动员认为在公开水域游泳运动项目有着一定的安全隐患,在实际的比赛过程中,往往需要克服各种各样的心理压力;第二,公开水域游泳运动员在赛前的心理状态普遍表现为忧郁、焦虑、敌对及恐惧、偏执等;第三,比赛心理状况的调控方法包括明确比赛任务、树立比赛信心、培养比赛战斗意识、采取自我暗示及放松训练的方法,对比赛过程中的心理压力进行缓解。

This paper mainly takes the open water swimming long-distance freestyle swimmers as the research object,adopts the methods of literature review,questionnaire survey,expert interview and combing analysis to analyze the psychological characteristics of open water swimmers.The research conclusions are as follows:First,the open water swimmers think that there are some hidden dangers in the open water swimming events,and in the actual competition process,they often need to overcome all kinds of psychological pressure;second,the psychological states of open water swimmers before the competition are generally melancholy,anxiety,hostility,fear and paranoia;third,the control methods of the psychological state of competition include:clear the competition task,establish the competition confidence,cultivate the competition fighting consciousness,adopt the methods of self suggestion and relaxation training to relieve the psychological pressure in the process of competition.