清代贵阳府恤政述略——以道光《贵阳府志》为中心

A Study of Relief Policies of Guiyang Government in Qing Dynasty——A case study of Guiyang Administration Records during Daoguang’s Reign

恤政,自古以来就是历代统治者为缓和社会矛盾,促进社会稳定所施行的慈善救济措施。清代,贵阳府在中央政府的倡导下实施建立育婴堂、养济院、尚节堂、及幼堂等恤政措施。贵阳府所建立的一系列善会、善堂救助了大量鳏寡孤独残疾贫民,维护了区域社会稳定,亦为贵州其他府州县乃至周边省份的恤政事业提供了借鉴,但在实施过程中也存在一些问题和时代的局限性。

Relief policies have always been a charity measure adopted by rulers to ease social conflicts and promote social stability since ancient times.In Qing Dynasty,the Administration of Guiyang Government,with the advocacy from the central government,carried out a series of relief policies,such as the establishment of foundling hospitals,orphanages,poorhouses,and poor widow houses.These charity associations and institutions helped a large number of people in desperate need,which not only helped to maintain regional stability,but also became a model for other districts in this province or even neighboring provinces to provide relief to the poor people.However,problems happened in the actual practice of these policies,which also suffered from time limitations.