视网膜色素上皮细胞来源外泌体与老年性黄斑病变

Exosomes Derived from Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Age-Related Macular Degeneration

老年性黄斑病变(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)也被称为年龄相关黄斑变性、增龄性黄斑变性。多双眼发病,病发时一般双眼先后或同时发病,出现中心暗点、视物变形等视觉障碍,多发生在50岁以上的中老年中,且感染几率会随着年龄的增长而增加,成为导致当今中老年失明的重要原因。眼科领域普遍认为视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)细胞分泌的外泌体很可能参与AMD的发生与发展。RPE细胞通过分泌携带内容物的外泌体,将其转移到邻近或远处细胞,完成细胞间的信息交流,并对细胞造成一定程度的影响,参与细胞生长与转移、血管生成,在免疫调节、炎症反应等诸多病理生理过程中发挥重要作用。在对RPE细胞外泌体进行深入研究的同时,也发现了外泌体对AMD早期诊断和治疗的新潜力,为AMD的研究带来了新的方向。

Age-related macular degeneration(AMD)is also known as age-related macular degeneration and age-related macular degeneration.Multiple eyes are onset.When the disease occurs,the eyes generally occur one after another or at the same time.There are visual impairments such as central dark spots and visual distortion.Most of them occur in middle-aged and elderly people over 50 years old.An important cause of blindness in middle-aged and elderly people today.In the field of ophthalmology,it is generally believed that exosomes secreted by retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)cells are likely to participate in the occurrence and development of AMD.RPE cells secrete exosomes that carry their contents,transfer them to nearby or distant cells,complete the exchange of information between cells,and cause a certain degree of influence on the cells.Inflammation and other pathophysiological processes play an important role.While conducting in-depth research on RPE cell exosomes,it also discovered the new potential of exosomes for early diagnosis and treatment of AMD,bringing new directions for AMD research.