美国法庭口译制度研究及启示--以夏威夷州法庭口译为例

A Study of American Court Interpreting System and Its Implications:Take Hawaiian Court Interpreting as an Example

新时代背景下,规范我国法庭口译活动日益迫切。以美国夏威夷法庭口译制度建立为例,从主体间性、语言游戏和需求导向三大视角分别阐释法庭译员的角色、法庭口译的交际性与有效性。美国的法庭口译制度建设较为完善,对我国法庭口译制度构建有重要启示。法庭口译是尊重和保护语言权利的制度设计。法庭口译的设置既是程序正义的体现,保证了被告人的诉讼权利,也有助于诉讼活动的顺利进行和法院定罪量刑,从而实现司法的公平正义。借鉴域外经验,快速建立完善适合我国国情的法庭口译制度意义重大,影响深远。

In the new era,it is increasingly urgent to standardize court interpreting activities in China.This paper takes Hawaiian court interpreting system as an example,attempting to explain the role of court interpreters,the communicative strategies and the effectiveness of court interpreting,based on theories,such as intersubjectivity theory,language game theory and demand-driven theory.The construction of court interpreting system in the United States is relatively advanced to enlighten us.Court interpreting system design could certainly respect and protect language rights.The establishment of court interpreting is not only the embodiment of procedural justice to ensure the litigation rights of the accused,but also conducive to litigation activities,the conviction and sentencing by the court,so as to realize the fairness and justice of judiciary.There is far-reaching significance to draw lessons from American court interpreting system to establish and improve that in China as soon as possible.