电气故障引发的森林火灾研究现状及展望

Research status and advances of combustion process of wildfire caused by electrical fault

近年来,坐落于森林中的电力设施与其周边环境已构成一类新的“森林-城镇”交界域。输电线随风摆动,易碰撞发生短路故障,电弧的热量将导线金属熔化,形成的热金属颗粒坠落到地表时,剩余热量较高将直接引燃可燃物,造成森林火灾。热金属颗粒的引燃过程是一个连续的过程,可以基于连续性理论、质量守恒定律和能量守恒定律,通过将导线熔化所形成的热金属颗粒作为传递媒介,得到短路故障与热金属颗粒引燃形式间的关系。本文将从该角度出发,对国内外关于此类问题的相关研究进展进行梳理,总结现有的实验方法及理论建模过程。再分析现有研究中存在的不足,并借鉴相关领域的研究成果针对性地进行补充,最后对该火灾发生过程的未来研究方向进行展望。

In recent years,the electric power facilities located in the forest and their surrounding environment have formed a new kind of Wildland-Urban Interface(WUI).Transmission lines swing in the wind,which is prone to collision and short-circuit fault.The heat from the arc will melt the metal in the wires,and when the hot metal particles formed fall to the earth,the high residual heat will directly ignite combustible materials and cause forest fires.The ignition process of hot metal particles is a continuous process.Based on the continuity theory,the law of conservation of mass and the law of conservation of energy,the relationship between short-circuit fault and the ignition form of hot metal particles can be obtained by using the hot metal particles formed by the melting of wires as the transfer medium.From this perspective,this paper will sort out the relevant research progress on such problems at home and abroad,and summarize the existing experimental methods and theoretical modeling process.The deficiencies in the existing research are analyzed again,and the relevant research results are used for reference to make targeted supplement.Finally,the future research direction of the fire occurrence process is prospected.