“洪水猛兽”:朱子对宋代名士“阳儒阴佛”思潮的批判及其意义——以《杂学辨》为中心

Flood and Beast:Zhuxi’s Criticism on the Ideological Tread of Celebrities in Song Dynasty by Taking Buddhism in the Name of Confucianism:Centred on Zaxuebian

朱子丙戌所撰《杂学辨》标志着他由溺佛到归本儒学的转变。《杂学辨》非一般意义上辟佛老之作,而是通过严厉批判苏轼、苏辙、张九成、吕本中四位“贵显名誉”之士以佛老解经之阳儒阴佛思想,来达到辨紫朱、清门户、正人心、崇孟学、立道统的目的。朱子对四者的批判集矢于性命论和工夫论,驳斥了性道不可言、以诚造化、格物默识等异端之说,充分显示了不畏权威、接续孟学、弘扬洛学的弘道立场,反映出通过掌握儒家经典解释权来重振儒学的策略。《杂学辨》不仅关乎朱子思想的前后转变,而且发挥了持守儒家经典本位,维护儒学纯洁性的作用,对理学及儒佛关系的走向皆具不可忽视之意义。

ZaxueBian,written by Zhuxi in 1166,marked Zhuxi’s transformation from drowning in Buddhism to returning to Confucianism.ZaxueBian is not generally a work of criticizing Buddhism and Taoism,but through severely criticize Su Shi,Su Zhe,Zhang Jiucheng,and Lv Benzhong,the four“prestigious and honorable”scholars of taking Buddhism in the name of Confucianism,who used Buddhism and Taoism to interpret Confucianism,to achieve the goal of discerning apparently right but actually wrong,cleaning up the wrong ideas of Confucianism,rectifying one’s minds,admiring Mencius,and establishing Confucianism orthodoxy.Zhu xi‘s criticism focused on theory of Xing-ming and Gong-fu,refuted the heresies that Xing and Dao is unspeakable,creating things with sincerity,and investigating things in a tacit way.It fully showed the position of not fearing authority,inheriting Mencius and carrying forward Luoxue.It reflects the strategy of reinvigorating Confucianism by holding the power of interpretation of Confucian classics.ZaxueBian is not only relate to the change of Zhu xi’s ideas,but also play a role in upholding Confucian classics and maintaining the purity of Confucianism.it is of great significance to Neo-Confucianism and the relationship trend between Confucianism and Buddhism.